Old Bulgar words

The language of the Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars, Vocabulary and grammar

Old Bulgar words preserved in the modern Bulgarian language: K - L - M

K.

Modern Bulgarian Eastern analogies Cluster_user's ottoman parallels

KAVAL – wooden flute KAVAL (‘a hook, a pipe, a sleeve’) [SH, 95] Eastern Caucasian turk. kaval

KAZAK – sledge (dial.) (in the districts of Stara Zagora, Nova Zagora) KAZAK (‘bent’) [DE, 126] Jazguljami turk. kIzak

KAJ – a colloquial particle, ("he/she says"). In expressions such as "Ima – kaj! Ela – kaj!" Identical to the Pamirian KE [GASK, 368] Wakhi

KAKA – an older sister KAKIK (‘an older sister, an older woman’) – Ishkashimi,
KAKA (‘an older sister’) [AG, 310]
Ishkashimi, Mundzhani

KALINA – one’s husband (unmarried younger) sister KELIT (the same) [LRS, 231] Lezgin

KALUGER – a monk, a friar KAL (‘an oath’) + KAR, GAR (‘to make’) [IJa, 280] Ishkashimi greek kalogeros (kalos + gerwn)
KAL < `ar. qa:l(a) "he said" or qa:la(t) word, speech.

KALUSHAR – an old medicine-man KALU (‘old, big’) + the suffix ‘SHAR’, Pamirian Pamirian

KAMATEN – able, capable (dial.) Compare to the Pamirian/Persian KIMAT (‘dignity, value’) [RPDS, 729] Pamirian the pamiri word is persian qi:mat < `ar. qi:ma(t) "value"

KANARA – a rock In the Pamirs the heights around the villages are called KANORA, literally ‘outskirts’ [GASK, 375, etc.]The reason is that the villages there are always situated in valleys with steep slopes. In Bulgaria the meaning changed to refer to ‘a rocky terrain, rocks’. Wakhi

KANJA – to invite (guests); KANACH, KANATAR – a man who invites guests; KANADZHIJKA – a woman who invites quests, etc. KAN (‘to invite, to desire to see’), KANI (‘desired, beloved’) [LRS, 211] Lezgin

KAPA – a hat ; a fur-cap K’APE (‘a fur cap’) [LRS, 201]
KAF (‘to cut, to process’), KAFSI (‘leather’) [AG, 310]
Lezgin greek kap(p)a, late latin cappa

Mundzhani

KAPISHTE – heathen shrine KAP (‘submission to God’) [LRS, 150]
KAP (‘a big stone’) [DE, 131]
Lezgin

Jazguljami

KARAKACHANI – nomad mountain shepherd (of Romanian origin) KARAKACHAN (‘a ward’, literally ‘somebody who is in other’s hands’) [ChRS, 238] Chechen

KARAM – to drive; to urge KAR (‘to make, to do, to move’) [RPDS, 183] Pamirian

KARAM SE – to scold, to quarrel with s.o. Compare to the Pamirian QAR (‘anger’) [Ija, 228] Ishkashimi

KATANA – a big, stout man KATA (‘big, massive’) [IJa, 209] Ishkashimi turk. kadana (artillary horse) < hung. katona (a soldier) ?
ott. spelling q(a)T(a)na, T may be read either t or d
slang: a big stout woman (probably confused with kadIn -woman)

KATO – like, as KAT (‘as’) – Sogdian [SIJa, 231]

KACAM – to alight, to land KAC (KAS) (‘to incline, to tilt; to put something above’) [IJa, 209; GASK, 367] Ishkashimi Wakhi

KACHAUNKA – crocus, saffron KACHKACH (‘a type of forest flower’) [GASK, 365]
KACHAUKLIS (‘yellow’) [SH, 103]
Wakhi

Eastern Caucasian

KACHAMAK – hominy KACHA (‘food’, noun), KACHANIG (‘nutrient’) [ChRS, 238] Chechen turk. kac,amak "quickly made pudding of corn flour"
kac,amak (to do something or something done quickly and
evasively)

KACHVAM SE – to go/come up; to climb KISHI (‘to go up’) [UM, 233]. KASH (‘a big saddle’)
A closer analogy is the Pamirian KAC – see above.
Eastern Caucasian

Pamirian

KACHULKA – a hood, a cowl, dial. KACHUL KACHOL (‘a hood’) [DE, 141]
KACURA (‘a hood’) [ARS, 400]
Jazguljami

Pashto

KACHULAT – hooded; crested. A derivative from KACHUL (see above). KACURA (‘a hood’) in Pashto [ARS, 400] Pashto

KEKERICA – a froggie KERKERIC (‘a clapper, a rattle’) [DE, 229] Jazguljami

KENAR – a decoration at the end of clothes KENAR (‘an end’) [SIJa, 1980] turk. kenar (edge) < pers. kena:r

KEPCHE – fisherman’s spoon KEPCH (‘ a big spoon’) [DE, 139; GASK, 336] Jazguljami turk. kepc,e < pers. kepc,e

KESHKI – a common folk exclamation, with a self-reproaching meaning. ("KESHKI da bjah napravil!" = "Why didn’t I do something!") Identical to the Pamirian exclamation KOSHKI [IJa, 210] Ishkashimi turk. ke$ki, ke$ke "would that" < pers. ka:$ki(h), ka:$ki:

KIVOT – a coffin, an ark KEWOT (‘a falling, a collapse in the ground’) [ARS, 424] Pashto

KILVAM SE – to tilt, to cant KL (‘tilted’) [IJa, 211] Ishkashimi

KNIGA – a book. Attested since the X c. AD in the form of KNIGACHII (‘a bookman’) KKHN (‘to write’) [LRS, 171-172] + probably the Bulgar suffix –IGA.
Or from KUNUKKU (‘a royal inscription’) – Accadian, and its derivative in Armenian KNIK (‘a seal’)
Lezgin

KOVLADJA – to slander, to report on KOVLADALA (‘to send in prison’) [ChRS, 255] Chechen

KOZUNAK – an Easter cake KAZINAKI (‘a type of jam’) – Georgian
KHOZ (‘sweet’, adj.) [RPDS, 64]

Pamirian

KOKAL – a bone (‘bone’ is also KOST (Slavic) in Bulgarian) KOK (‘hard’) [DE, 216; IJa, 229]
The Bulgarian word has a suffix –AL added, in the same way as the Pamirian BUKH led to the Bulgarian BUKHAL.
Jazguljami, Ishkashimi

KOKICHE – snowdrop (a flower) KUKIJ (‘a flower’), KUKUBAJ (‘a rose’) [ARS, 420], KUNGU (‘a croccus’) [ARS, 442]. The diminutive suffix –CHE means that KOKICHE meant ‘a small flower’ Pashto

KOKICHKA – a pit, a stone (of fruit) (NB ‘a pit, a stone of fruit’ is also KOSTILKA in Bulgarian) Derived from KOK (‘hard’) (See KOKAL (‘a bone’, Bulgar)) + the diminutive suffix –ICHKA, so that is literally meant "a small hard thing". Formed following the same model as that for the Slavic KOSTILKA (‘a pit, a stone’) from KOST (‘a bone’, Slavic) + the diminutive suffix –ILKA. Pamirian

KOKO – an egg (children’s word) KAKA, KHOKHLA, KU’K (‘an egg’) [SH, 42]
KHAGAJ (‘an egg’) [RPDS, 763]
Eastern Caucasian

Pamirian

KOLACHE – a small round bread A common Pamirian word, compare to the Ishkashimi K’LCA [IJa, 211], etc. Ishkashimi ott. turk. ku"li^c,e < pers. kuli^c,e, (short form kulc,e)
< hind. (steingass)
( turk. ku"lc,e "a mass", "ingot").

KOLIBA – a hut; a shanty KULBE (‘a hut’) – Persian turk. kulu"be (ottom. spelling qul(U)be < greek KALYBH (hut) pers. kulbe sami
if it was from literary persian it would have been ku"lbe in turkish, and thus no spelling with q.
greek KALYBH (hut)
bulghar ? slavic (on account of the of the
initial o)
turk. kulu"be (ottom. spelling qul(U)be
pers. kulbe
the slavic form is apparently early. NB o for a like many early renditions in slavic.
the word makes sense for greek (i.e. is native).

KOMAT – a hunk, a chunk QMOC (‘bread’) [IJa, 229]
KOMAT (‘big’) [AG, 348]
Ishkashimi, Mundzhani

KONTOSH – an upper male and female garment in Western Bulgaria. The Eastern-Caucasian l-s provide the closest parallels: the Avar, Hvarshin, Bezhtin KUNTA (‘a type of upper garment’) [SH, 93]; the Andi KUANNO, KUANTO (the same) [SH, 93] Eastern Caucasian

KOPRINA – silk The attempt to derive it from KOPRIVA (‘nettle’), made in the Bulgarian etymological dictionary, is unconvincing. Compare to the Sogdian PRING (‘a silk thread’) and KO (‘a worm’).
Also to the Avestan HAUPARINGA (‘silk’).
This as well as the other similar words referring to the silk production – BUBA (‘silkworm’), KREZH, PASHKUL (‘cocoon’), etc. in Bulgarian are all eastern in origin.

KOPRINCHE PILE – a silkworm (in the districts of Stara Zagora, etc.) Compare to the Pamirian PILA (‘a cocoon’) [RPDS, 295] Pamirian

KOPUK – a stupid man, a fool KAPUK (‘to repeat as echo, to follow blindly somebody else’) [DE, 123] Jazguljami turk. kopuk (detached, disjointed) also metaphorically as in bulg.

KOPCHE – a button KUBI (‘a button’) [AG, 348] Mundzhani turk. kopc,a "hook and eye" < hung ?

KOREM – an abdomen, a belly The closest analogy is the Mari word KOREM (‘a furrow, a hollow’) turkic qarIn, chuvash xIra~m

KORIJA – a grove, a copse belonging to the whole village Probably from the Pamirian KARIJA (‘belonging to the village, municipal’) [RPDS, 633] Pamirian turk. koru (ott. qoru, qorI) "a grove"
pashto qariya (i.e. qarya) "village" < `ar. qarya(t) "village"
the pamiri word is based on arabic: qarya(t) (village)   + relative suffix iyya(t) {properly in arabic it would be qurawiyya(t), if not just qarya(t) "village" itself.

KOSSER – a sickle, a pruning-knife KOS (‘a big knife’) – Chuvash [ChUV, 1956]
KEZ (‘a knife’) [GASK, 377]
turkic > bulghar
turk. keser = adze, kes= to cut (an ottoman loanword in hungarian)
keser litt. "something that cuts"

Wakhi

KOTIGA – a loose coat (archaic, obsolete) From the Pamirian KOT (‘a coat’) [RPDS, 445] + the suffix –IGA as in words such as LEVENDIGA (‘a height, a hill’), KALBUZIGA (‘a jacket made of goat-skin’) [AG, GASK, etc.] Pamirian pashto ko^t. (retroflex t) < eng. coat

KOTURA – a kennel, a shelter for a dog Compare to the Pashto KOTURA (‘a type of big wooden vessel’) [ARS, 399].
Chechen KOTAR (‘a dwelling’) [ChRS, 305]
Pashto

Chechen

KOFTI – bad, badly (jargon) KUOFT (‘ill’) [IJa, 210]
GOF (‘fear’, noun) [GRS, 312]
Ishkashimi kofti (slang) "lie, trick" < greek kof (rotten or empty inside) < greek koufos (empty)

Talish

KOCH – a ram KOC (‘to copulate’) [IJa, 209]
From this stem is probably also the Bulgarian word KOCKAR (‘a rip, a rake’)
Ishkashimi turk. koc, < turkic
turkic, qoc, , qoc,(u)*ng*ar "ram"
turk. (dial.) koc,kar "a strong ram for fighting" < turkic

KOCHINA – a pigsty GOCHI (‘a pigsty’) [TRS, 281]
GODZHALA (‘a pigsty’) [ARS]
Compare also to the Dardic KOCIL (‘a pigsty’)
Talish

Pashto

Dardic

KOSH (GRDEN KOSH) – a chest (anat. thorax) In the Eastern Caucasus similar words – KESH, CHOZH, denote the abdominal cavity [SH, 12] Eastern Caucasian

KOSH – a basket KESH, CHOZH (‘a receptacle’) [SH, 40] Eastern Caucasian

KOSHARA – a (sheep)pen From KOSH, see above.

KOSHER – a (bee)hive From KOSH, see above.

KRAK – a leg KARA, KORA (‘a limb’) [SH, 42]
Compare also to the Dardic KRA (‘a leg’) [DIE, 254]
The closet analogy is the Tabasaran (East. Cauc.) KARK [SH. 36].
Eastern Caucasian

Dardic

KRASA – a snake (dial.) KRES (‘to creep, to crawl’) [IJa, 210] Ishkashimi

KRASTA – scabies; a vice, a passion GRAS (‘to scratch’) [GASK, 349] Wakhi

KRACHA – to pace, to walk; KRACHKA – a step; RAZKRACH – a stride Derivatives from KRAK, see above.

KREZH – a waste from the production of silk KREZH (‘a waste, a rubbish’) [GASK, 370] Wakhi

KUKA – a hook KUKA (‘a hook’) [ChRS, LRS]

Compare also to the Dardic KOKKJ (‘a hook’)
Chechen, Lezgin

Dardic

KUKER – a mummer KUKER (‘a cry, noise’) [ARS, etc.]
Probably the initial meaning of KUKER in Bulgarian was ‘noisy, crying people’.
Pashto

KUKUMIJ – a metal cauldron. Attested in Bulgaria since the X c. AD. The earliest analogy is the Accadian KUKUBA (‘a cauldron’).
KUNKUMA (‘a cauldron’) [SH, 85]
byz. greek kukumi < lat. cucuma (Nikos Sarantakos)

Eastern Caucasian

KUMA – a dialectal word meaning "walk, go!". In expressions such as "KUMA donesi voda!" ("KUMA bring water!"), "KUMA brzichko" ("KUMA quickly"), etc. Unclear word. In some places in the Pamirs KUMA means "little, few" [DE, 135-136], although it does not fit well. Closer is probably the Ishkashimi KUMAK (‘help, assistance’) [Ija, 211], hence KUMA could mean "Help me!". Pamirian

KUMIR – an idol The closest analogy is the Ossetian G’UMIR (‘an idol’) and the Accadian KUMIRTU (‘a priest’)

KUNKA – a hand (children’s word) KUINU (‘a hand’) [SH, 42],
KU’G [ChRS, 233]
Eastern Caucasian

KUTRE – a pup, puppy KUTRAJ (‘small dog’) [ARS, 398] Pashto

KUTRE – the little finger Probably from KUTRAJ, see above.

KUCHE – a dog KUCHUK (‘a dog’) – Tadzhik [RTS, 711]
In the Katarkali language (in Hindu-Kush) KUCHUR is ‘a dog’, and KICHIR – ‘a bitch’.
In the Eastern Caucasus the dogs are called KUCH and GUZHA.
Pamirian 1. turkic (prob. < IE)
tu"rki ku"c,u"k ("puppy"), turk. kuc,u (quc,u - see below) hung. kutya
iranian - incl. avestan - normally has s- < IE *k- for this word, osett. has k- (possib. < archaic turkic).
chinese also has *k- for dog. domestic dogs (ko"pek), small dogs (ku"c,u"k) seem to have k-, while It < it is more general (in turkish more vulgar, also "it su"ru"su" - dog pack, perhaps referring to wild or stray dogs)
2. other IE lang.

Eastern Caucasian

KUCOVLASSI – the name of Romanian-speaking tribesmen in the Southern Balkans Probably from KUC (‘outer’) [ChRS, 233]. Thus KUCOVLASSI means ‘outer Vlakhs’ Chechen

KUSHINA – a sheaf KUSHTA (‘a sheaf’) [SH, 71] Eastern Caucasian

KKRJA – to simmer, to burble KAKRA [IJa, 228] Ishkashimi turk. ku"kre= to roar.

KRLEZH – a tick (parasite) KORE, KOREKAN (‘a spider, a bloodsucker’) [TRS, 127] Talish

KRKAM – to gobble; to bubble; to swill, to booze Compare to the Pamirian stem KR (‘to rumble’) [ARS, 403]
Also to KOR (‘to suck, to drink’), which led to words such as KRLEZH and KOREKAN
Pashto

KRPA – a piece of cloth, towel; kerchief A common Pamirian word – Ishkashimi KRPA [IJa, 212], Sarikoli KRPA [SRS, 88], etc. Ishkashimi, Sarikoli

KRTJA – to break off, to tear off KRD (‘to split, to cleave’), KRDA (‘to furrow’) [AG, 317] Mundzhani

KS – a piece, a fragment KC (‘a piece’) [IJa, 213] Ishkashimi ?
possib. < turkic (as the distribution seems to be beyond bulgarian)

turk. kIsa

KT – a nook, a corner ‘a nook’ is KUT in Ishkashimi, Mundzhani, KT in Pashto and in Wakhi [GASK, 370; DE, 211] Ishakshimi, Mundzhani, Pashto ?
possib. < turkic (as the distribution seems to be beyond bulgarian)
old turk. kIt (later kat) < turkic qIt, qat. (fold, corner, side, layer)
wakhi kut (roof) seems to be different. pashto has ka:t, qa:t < turkic.
mundzhani has ku:ta (room) also different.

KTAM – to put away/aside GT (‘to put away’) [GASK, 350] Wakhi

KSHTA – a house KSHTAJ (‘a house’), GZHDAJ (‘a tent’) [ARS, RPDS, 743]
KTZA (‘a house’) [GASK, 376]
Compare also to the Dardic GHOSHT (‘a house’) [DIE, 270]
Pashto

Wakhi

Dardic

KJUTAM – to beat Compare to the Pashto KUTJL (‘to beat’) [ARS, 1970] and the Dardic KUTA (‘to beat’) [DIE, 249]

Pashto

Dardic

L.

Modern Bulgarian Eastern analogies Cluster_user's ottoman parallels

LAVRA – a monastery, a large temple LAWR (’large, great’, masculine), LAWRA (‘large’, feminine) [SRS, 94; ARS, 456]
LAVRA obviously meant a ‘large church’
Sarikoli greek laura (i.e. lavra) (bulg. etym. dict.)

Pashto

LALE – one’s husband’s younger brother (dial.) LALE (‘a younger brother’) [DE, 145] Jazguljami

LALUGER – a hamster LLALUKI (‘a bat’) [SH, 12] Eastern Caucasian

LAMTJA – to crave LAAM (‘a strong desire’) [ChRS, 266] Chechen

LAMJA – a dragon LAMAT (‘bad, deformed’) [LRS, 221] Lezgin

LASSO – a lasso LASSA, LOSSO (‘a long rope’) [AG, 319]
It is know that the lasso was used by the Bulgars. In the VI c. AD three Byzantine generals were captured by the Bulgars by lassoes. That is why for the Bulgarian word LASSO there can be supposed an origin, independent from the French/Argentinean "lasso".
Mundzhani ? amer. english lasso < sp. lazo (perhaps through the british in the pamirs?)
also east venet. le*sh*o, it. laccio ottom. turk. le$ (a naval term)
see tietze

LASTUN – a stem (of a squash, etc.) LASTUNHAJ (‘a stretched part, a sleeve, branch’) [ARS, 451] Pashto

LAF – a word; a talk LAW (the same) [DE, 147; etc.] Jazguljami turk. laf (palatal l) < persian la:f

LAFJA – to talk, to chat See LAF

LEVENT – well-built/strapping young man LAWENT (‘a brave man’) [DE, 146]
LAWAND (the same) [ARS, 461]
Jazguljami turk. levent, levend (well-built man < sailor < irregular soldier) < perisan levend ("jobless"); in the meaning of "sailor" confused with italian "levantino"

Pashto

LELE! – Good heavens! Oh dear! (interjection) Identical to the Pamirian interjection LELE [DE, 146; etc.] Jazguljami

LELJA – an aunt LEELE (‘an address towards an older woman, or a nurse) – Persian
LOLE (‘an aunt’) [DIE, 241]

Dardic

LEKHA – a (flower)-bed, a ridge Compare to the Talish LEK (the same) [TRS, 131] which is the only parallel discovered up to now.

Talish

LESH – a carrion LESH (‘a migration; a death’) [ARS, 464]
Thus the initial meaning of LESH must have been ‘somebody who left this world, a deceased’
Pashto turk. le$ < pers. la:$e

LESHNIK – hazelnut LESJ (‘forest berries’. Literally ‘a core’) [TRS, 131] Talish

LESHTA – lentils LESAK – a general name for the beans in the Pamirs, LISAK in Wakhi [GASK, 390] Wakhi

LILJAK – a stork (in the district of Shumen, in Dobrudzha) LEJLJAK (‘a stork’) [SH, 41]. Also LEGLEG Eastern Caucasian turk. leylek < persian leklek, `ar. laqlaq

LICHA – to show, to appear; to be evident LICH (‘to show, to appear’) [DIE, 243] Dardic

LOBNO – in the expression "LOBNO MJASTO" – a place of execution/of someone’s death LOP (‘to fall, to perish’) [SRS, 95] Sarikoli

LOZINKA – a password (dial.) LOZIM (‘necessary, needed’) [RTS, 385; RPDS, 389] Pamirian romanian lozinca~ < german Losung
LOZIM < `ar. la:zim

LOMOTJA – to babble, to gabble LAMAT (‘bad, deformed’) [LRS, 221] Lezgin

LOSH, LOSHAV – bad, ill, evil LOSH (‘corrupt, degenerate’) [TRS, 135]
LOSHA (‘ugly, lean, spare’) [IJa, 214; PRS, 320]
Talish

Ishkashimi

LUMKAM – to beat with force LUM (‘to beat’) [IJa, 214] Ishkashimi

LUNGUR – unfit horse. In the expression "Koncheto ti e lungur, ne iska da vrvi." LUNG (‘lame, limping’) [SRS, 95] Sarikoli turk. "langIr lungur" (clumsy) NB pers. leng "lame"

LJOKH-LJOKH! – an exclamation in folk songs. Similar exclamation is found in the Eastern Caucasus, where it sounds as LUKH-LUKH, LJUK-LJUK [LRS, 226] Lezgin

LJOKHMAN – a crack-brained man, a moony. Variants: LJOKHNAT (crazy, moony), ZALJOAKHAN Probably from the Pamirian LUK (‘ a joke, a fable’) and thus LUKMAN (‘a joker, a jester’)
The correspondent Eastern Caucasian stem LJUK [LRS, 226] is even closer to the Bulgarian words.
Pamirian turk. lokman (pr. name) < `ar. luqma:n (pr. name)
a legendary qur'anic figure who is depicted as a sage and teller of fables and stories. luk seems
to be based on false etymology.

Lezgin

LKH – a breath, a whiff; smell LJ (‘a warm whiff, fume’) [AG, 321] Mundzhani

M.

Modern Bulgarian Eastern analogies Cluster_user's ottoman parallels

MAGARE – a donkey MAJ KHARA (‘a female donkey’) from KHARA (‘donkey’) [RPDS, 418]
The ending –E in MAGARE is the same as in other Bulgarians words of old Bulgar origin – KUCHE, GALE, KUTRE, INDRISHE, MAZARE.
Pamirian

MADZHUN – a treacle, molasses From the Pamirian/Persian MAZH (‘a honey’) + the Pamirian suffix –UN.
MARZON, MAZON (‘sweet’, adj.) [ChRS, 288]
Pamirian turk. macun "paste" < `ar. ma`cu:n "paste"

Chechen

MAZARE – peas (in Dobrudzha, in the district of Shumen) MATSAR (‘peas’) [MGA, 830]
MASH (‘peas’) in the other Pamirian l-s [SRS, 246; etc.]
Pamirian

MAKAR – at least; although; even so Identical to MAGAR [ARS, 484] Pashto

MALE – an address to one’s own mother MHALI (‘mother!’) [DIE, 292] Dardic

MANKIRA – to cheat, to shirk MANKIR (‘denying’) [AG, 329] Mundzhani french manquer (bulg. etym. dict.)
MANKIR < turk. mu"nkir "person who denies, aetheist" < `ar. munkir
mundzhani has MNKIR

MAMALIGA – hominy MLGHIGA (‘a mess, a gruel’) [AG, 328] Mundzhani romanian ma~ma~liga~   (corn flour dish) < latin (NB it. meliga) turk. mamaliga, NB turk. mama (chow)

MARTAK – a partner in a game of cards (dial.) Connected probably to the Pashto MARTAK (‘a sign’) [MGS, 816], interpreted as ‘a man with whom one exchanges signs, bids’. Pashto the basic meaning seems to be a support
turk. mertek "support, beam" < armen. martog
pashto m@r.t.ak (retroflex r, t) means "plan".

MASSA – a table MAC (‘a broad wooden board’) [LRS, 232] Lezgin romanian masa~ < latin me:nsa NB sp. mesa turk. masa

MASSUR – a curl (of hair) MANSUR (‘a winding, a lap’) [LRS, 220] Lezgin

MATI-MASKARA – in the expression "Napravih go MATI-MASKARA" ("I made him MATI-MASKARA") From the Pashto MATI (‘a defeat, a debacle’) [RPDS, 643; ARS, 466], and MASKARA (‘a ruin’) [AG, 324]. MATI-MASKARA meant ‘defeated ruins’, or, otherwise – ‘pitiful remains’ Pamirian turk. maskara "bufoon" < `ar. masxara(t) (nativized loan)
pers. MAT < `ar. ma:t(a) "he died"

MACAM – to stain; to daub Compare to MAZU (‘an ink nut’) [MGA, 821] Pashto

MEGDAN – a square Identical to the Persian/Pamirian MAJDAN [ARS, 493] Pashto turk. meydan < 'ar. mayda:n

MERA – a common pasture/land MERA (‘a field, a pasture’) [MGA, 821] Pashto

MESSAL – a table-cloth Compare to MES (‘bedspread’) [LRS, 236] and
MESSALA (‘fluffy, soft’) [ChRS, 297]
The relation between MES and the Bulgarian word is the same as that between BUKH, KOK and BUKHAL, KOKAL
Lezgin, Chechen

MEKHANA – a tavern From the Persian MEI-HANA (‘drinking place’) [PRS, II] turk. meyhane (ott. spell. meyxa^ne) < perisan mey xa:ne

MESHINA – a sheepskin MESH (‘a sheep’), MESHIN (‘sheep’, adj.) [RPDS, 402; ARS, 418] Pashto turk. me$in < persian me$i:n

MECHKA – a bear MJSHE (‘a bear’) in Adig [ASh, 272-273]
Compare also to the Mari MASKA (‘a bear’) [RMS, 312]

MIACI – a name of a part of the Macedonian Bulgarians Probably from the Pamirian MAASH, MIASH (‘a maintenance, costs, means of livelihood’). It is know that the Kuber Bulgars (VII c. AD) who settled in Macedonia were given the right by the Byzantine emperors to be provided for by the neighbouring Slavs. Pamirian MAASH < `ar. ma`a:$, so this particular etymology is non-sequitur.
so is MIASH, which might be (if not another version of "maash") pashto miya:*sh*tani: "monthly salary" from miya:*sh*t "month". I doubt very much if there was a monthly pay system.

MIGAR? – Really? Indeed? Identical to MEGAR [ChRS, 295] and
MEGEM [TRS, 304]
Chechen turk. meger (same usage) < persian...

Talish

MIGLA – an eyelash MIZA (‘an eyelash’) [GASK, 384] Wakhi

MIZHA – to urinate (dial.) In expressions such as "Konjat mizha." (Western Bulgaria) MIZEM (‘to urinate’) [AG, 325]
MIZG (‘urine’) [GASK, 386]
Mundzhani, Wakhi

MILINA – milk pastry; MLIN – pasty/pastry MILIA (‘to gather’), MILIA (‘to meet guests’) [ARS, 495] Pashto

MINGUSHKI – a hens’ wattle MENGUSH (‘earrings’) [PRS, II]
MING (‘earrings’) [ChRS, 301]

Chechen

MINZUKHAR - crocus Probably in connection with its yellow colour – MEZAN (‘yellow’) in Vejnakh, MEKRTAME in Georgian.

MLJASKAM – to smack, to munch Compare to the Sanskrit MLEKKHA (‘emitting barbarous sounds’) [MA, 237]

MOKANI – an old name of the Romanians (in Dobrudzha) From MUKA (‘a neighbour’) [LRS, 241] from which MUKAN (‘neighbouring’).
Or from MOKHAN (‘an idler, a loafer’) [ChRS, 308]
Lezgin, Chechen

MOMA – a girl, a maid MOMO (‘elderly woman’) [RTS, 27; AG, 326; etc.]
Thus MOMA probably initially meant ‘a grown-up girl’.
Mundzhani

MOMK – young man, lad Probably from MOMAZH: MO (‘big’) + MAZH (‘man’) [AGK, 94] Dardic

MOTOVILA – in the expression "VILA-MOTOVILA" (VILA = ‘wood-nymph, elf’). MATAVIL (‘to kill, to destroy’) [ARS, 465] Pashto

MRAZJA – to hate BRAZI (‘to hate’) in Georgian [TG, 291]
MERCA (‘a hatred’) [MGA, 821]

Pashto

MUDNO – slowly, at slow pace MUNDO (‘tired, slow’) [AG, 326; RPDS, 712; etc.] Mundzhani

MUNTI – worse (jargon)

Compare semantically to the Pamirian MUNDO (‘tired, slow, ruined’) (see above)

MURA – white fir MURKH (‘a pine’) [SH, 54]
MURG (‘mountains ash, sycamore’) [ChRS, 309]
Eastern Caucasian

MURGAV – swarthy, dark MURI (‘smoky’) in Georgian [TG, 403]
MURKI (‘brown, rusty’) [EB, 82]

Eastern Caucasian

MUSTAK – a moustache MSTK (‘moustache’) [GASK, 399] Wakhi

MUSJA SE – to scowl, to lour BUC (‘to be angry’) [ARS, 78] Pashto

MUKHI – Bulgarian apicultural name of the bees.

At first glance, it seems to be same as the Slavic (Bulgarian as well) word MUKHA (‘a fly’), but in Persian, in the Pamirian l-s the bees are called MUSH. And the same word is also found in the lands of the former Volga Bulgars, where the Mari MUKSH means ‘bees’ [RMS, 620]. Probably this name for the bees was connected with an old Bulgar bee-keeping tradition with origins in the Persian, Pamirian regions.

MUCUNA – a muzzle MUCAR (‘a muzzle’) [ChRS, 309]
Compare also to the Dravidian MUNDZHI (‘a muzzle’) [TAM, 508]
Chechen

MUSHIJA – landowner’s estate MUSHA (‘a worker’), MUSHAKI (‘an owner, proprietor’), MUSHATI (‘a work) in Georgian [TG, 403]

MUSHKAM – to poke MUSHKA (‘to nudge in the ribs’) [ChRS, 310] Chechen

MZH – a man MZH, MAZH, MONZH (‘a man’) [DIE, 33-270] Dardic

MJ-MJ! – a common Romanian folk exclamation. From the Pashto MKHJ (‘a wedding’) [ARS, 473]. Also see MNNKA below.
Pashto

MNNKA – Please! (dial.) (Also used in Romanian) From the Pashto verb MANL (‘to please, to approve’), leading to MANLAJ (‘dear, honoured’), MANNA (‘an approval’), etc. Pashto

MRVACI – the name of a part of the Macedonian Bulgarians MARVACH (‘strong, brave’) [MGA, 817] Pashto

MRLA – a slut, a slattern MRKHLAJ (‘an careless, negligent man’) [ARS, 477] Pashto

MRSJA – to dirty, to soil MURS (‘to get dirty’) [LRS, 245] Lezgin

MRCINA – in the expression "umrja mrcina" ("[He] died mrcina") MRCAPAN (‘a perished man, a man who died a violent death’) [MGA, 816] fits exactly to the meaning of the Bulgarian expression Pashto

MRKHULJA – to squeeze something, to loither around something (dial.) MRKHULAJ (‘a bustling, hesitating man’) [MGA, 816] Pashto

MJUEDZHE – a reward for a good news. (In folk tales) Identical to the Wakhi MEZDA [GASK, 394] Wakhi turk. mu"jde (good news! congratulations!) < pers. mujde

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Modern Bulgarian	Eastern analogies		Cluster_user's ottoman parallels
KAVAL – wooden flute	KAVAL (‘a hook, a pipe, a sleeve’) [SH, 95]	Eastern Caucasian	turk. kaval
KAZAK – sledge (dial.) (in the districts of Stara Zagora, Nova Zagora)	KAZAK (‘bent’) [DE, 126]	Jazguljami	turk. kIzak
KAJ – a colloquial particle, ("he/she says"). In expressions such as "Ima – kaj! Ela – kaj!"	Identical to the Pamirian KE [GASK, 368]	Wakhi
KAKA – an older sister	KAKIK (‘an older sister, an older woman’) – Ishkashimi, KAKA (‘an older sister’) [AG, 310]	Ishkashimi, Mundzhani
KALINA – one’s husband (unmarried younger) sister	KELIT (the same) [LRS, 231]	Lezgin
KALUGER – a monk, a friar	KAL (‘an oath’) + KAR, GAR (‘to make’) [IJa, 280]	Ishkashimi	greek kalogeros (kalos + gerwn) KAL < `ar. qa:l(a) "he said" or qa:la(t) word, speech.
KALUSHAR – an old medicine-man	KALU (‘old, big’) + the suffix ‘SHAR’, Pamirian	Pamirian
KAMATEN – able, capable (dial.)	Compare to the Pamirian/Persian KIMAT (‘dignity, value’) [RPDS, 729]	Pamirian	the pamiri word is persian qi:mat < `ar. qi:ma(t) "value"
KANARA – a rock	In the Pamirs the heights around the villages are called KANORA, literally ‘outskirts’ [GASK, 375, etc.]The reason is that the villages there are always situated in valleys with steep slopes. In Bulgaria the meaning changed to refer to ‘a rocky terrain, rocks’.	Wakhi
KANJA – to invite (guests); KANACH, KANATAR – a man who invites guests; KANADZHIJKA – a woman who invites quests, etc.	KAN (‘to invite, to desire to see’), KANI (‘desired, beloved’) [LRS, 211]	Lezgin
KAPA – a hat ; a fur-cap	K’APE (‘a fur cap’) [LRS, 201] KAF (‘to cut, to process’), KAFSI (‘leather’) [AG, 310]	Lezgin	greek kap(p)a, late latin cappa
KAPA – a hat ; a fur-cap		Mundzhani	greek kap(p)a, late latin cappa
KAPISHTE – heathen shrine	KAP (‘submission to God’) [LRS, 150] KAP (‘a big stone’) [DE, 131]	Lezgin
KAPISHTE – heathen shrine		Jazguljami
KARAKACHANI – nomad mountain shepherd (of Romanian origin)	KARAKACHAN (‘a ward’, literally ‘somebody who is in other’s hands’) [ChRS, 238]	Chechen
KARAM – to drive; to urge	KAR (‘to make, to do, to move’) [RPDS, 183]	Pamirian
KARAM SE – to scold, to quarrel with s.o.	Compare to the Pamirian QAR (‘anger’) [Ija, 228]	Ishkashimi
KATANA – a big, stout man	KATA (‘big, massive’) [IJa, 209]	Ishkashimi	turk. kadana (artillary horse) < hung. katona (a soldier) ? ott. spelling q(a)T(a)na, T may be read either t or d slang: a big stout woman (probably confused with kadIn -woman)
KATO – like, as	KAT (‘as’) – Sogdian [SIJa, 231]
KACAM – to alight, to land	KAC (KAS) (‘to incline, to tilt; to put something above’) [IJa, 209; GASK, 367]	Ishkashimi Wakhi
KACHAUNKA – crocus, saffron	KACHKACH (‘a type of forest flower’) [GASK, 365] KACHAUKLIS (‘yellow’) [SH, 103]	Wakhi
KACHAUNKA – crocus, saffron		Eastern Caucasian
KACHAMAK – hominy	KACHA (‘food’, noun), KACHANIG (‘nutrient’) [ChRS, 238]	Chechen	turk. kac,amak "quickly made pudding of corn flour" kac,amak (to do something or something done quickly and evasively)
KACHVAM SE – to go/come up; to climb	KISHI (‘to go up’) [UM, 233]. KASH (‘a big saddle’) A closer analogy is the Pamirian KAC – see above.	Eastern Caucasian
KACHVAM SE – to go/come up; to climb		Pamirian
KACHULKA – a hood, a cowl, dial. KACHUL	KACHOL (‘a hood’) [DE, 141] KACURA (‘a hood’) [ARS, 400]	Jazguljami
KACHULKA – a hood, a cowl, dial. KACHUL	KACHOL (‘a hood’) [DE, 141] KACURA (‘a hood’) [ARS, 400]	Pashto
KACHULAT – hooded; crested. A derivative from KACHUL (see above).	KACURA (‘a hood’) in Pashto [ARS, 400]	Pashto
KEKERICA – a froggie	KERKERIC (‘a clapper, a rattle’) [DE, 229]	Jazguljami
KENAR – a decoration at the end of clothes	KENAR (‘an end’) [SIJa, 1980]		turk. kenar (edge) < pers. kena:r
KEPCHE – fisherman’s spoon	KEPCH (‘ a big spoon’) [DE, 139; GASK, 336]	Jazguljami	turk. kepc,e < pers. kepc,e
KESHKI – a common folk exclamation, with a self-reproaching meaning. ("KESHKI da bjah napravil!" = "Why didn’t I do something!")	Identical to the Pamirian exclamation KOSHKI [IJa, 210]	Ishkashimi	turk. ke$ki, ke$ke "would that" < pers. ka:$ki(h), ka:$ki:
KIVOT – a coffin, an ark	KEWOT (‘a falling, a collapse in the ground’) [ARS, 424]	Pashto
KILVAM SE – to tilt, to cant	KL (‘tilted’) [IJa, 211]	Ishkashimi
KNIGA – a book. Attested since the X c. AD in the form of KNIGACHII (‘a bookman’)	KKHN (‘to write’) [LRS, 171-172] + probably the Bulgar suffix –IGA. Or from KUNUKKU (‘a royal inscription’) – Accadian, and its derivative in Armenian KNIK (‘a seal’)	Lezgin

KOVLADJA – to slander, to report on	KOVLADALA (‘to send in prison’) [ChRS, 255]	Chechen
KOZUNAK – an Easter cake	KAZINAKI (‘a type of jam’) – Georgian KHOZ (‘sweet’, adj.) [RPDS, 64]
KOZUNAK – an Easter cake		Pamirian
KOKAL – a bone (‘bone’ is also KOST (Slavic) in Bulgarian)	KOK (‘hard’) [DE, 216; IJa, 229] The Bulgarian word has a suffix –AL added, in the same way as the Pamirian BUKH led to the Bulgarian BUKHAL.	Jazguljami, Ishkashimi
KOKICHE – snowdrop (a flower)	KUKIJ (‘a flower’), KUKUBAJ (‘a rose’) [ARS, 420], KUNGU (‘a croccus’) [ARS, 442]. The diminutive suffix –CHE means that KOKICHE meant ‘a small flower’	Pashto
KOKICHKA – a pit, a stone (of fruit) (NB ‘a pit, a stone of fruit’ is also KOSTILKA in Bulgarian)	Derived from KOK (‘hard’) (See KOKAL (‘a bone’, Bulgar)) + the diminutive suffix –ICHKA, so that is literally meant "a small hard thing". Formed following the same model as that for the Slavic KOSTILKA (‘a pit, a stone’) from KOST (‘a bone’, Slavic) + the diminutive suffix –ILKA.	Pamirian
KOKO – an egg (children’s word)	KAKA, KHOKHLA, KU’K (‘an egg’) [SH, 42] KHAGAJ (‘an egg’) [RPDS, 763]	Eastern Caucasian
KOKO – an egg (children’s word)		Pamirian
KOLACHE – a small round bread	A common Pamirian word, compare to the Ishkashimi K’LCA [IJa, 211], etc.	Ishkashimi	ott. turk. ku"li^c,e < pers. kuli^c,e, (short form kulc,e) < hind. (steingass) ( turk. ku"lc,e "a mass", "ingot").
KOLIBA – a hut; a shanty	KULBE (‘a hut’) – Persian		turk. kulu"be (ottom. spelling qul(U)be < greek KALYBH (hut) pers. kulbe sami if it was from literary persian it would have been ku"lbe in turkish, and thus no spelling with q. greek KALYBH (hut) bulghar ? slavic (on account of the of the initial o) turk. kulu"be (ottom. spelling qul(U)be pers. kulbe the slavic form is apparently early. NB o for a like many early renditions in slavic. the word makes sense for greek (i.e. is native).
KOMAT – a hunk, a chunk	QMOC (‘bread’) [IJa, 229] KOMAT (‘big’) [AG, 348]	Ishkashimi, Mundzhani
KONTOSH – an upper male and female garment in Western Bulgaria.	The Eastern-Caucasian l-s provide the closest parallels: the Avar, Hvarshin, Bezhtin KUNTA (‘a type of upper garment’) [SH, 93]; the Andi KUANNO, KUANTO (the same) [SH, 93]	Eastern Caucasian
KOPRINA – silk The attempt to derive it from KOPRIVA (‘nettle’), made in the Bulgarian etymological dictionary, is unconvincing.	Compare to the Sogdian PRING (‘a silk thread’) and KO (‘a worm’). Also to the Avestan HAUPARINGA (‘silk’). This as well as the other similar words referring to the silk production – BUBA (‘silkworm’), KREZH, PASHKUL (‘cocoon’), etc. in Bulgarian are all eastern in origin.
KOPRINCHE PILE – a silkworm (in the districts of Stara Zagora, etc.)	Compare to the Pamirian PILA (‘a cocoon’) [RPDS, 295]	Pamirian
KOPUK – a stupid man, a fool	KAPUK (‘to repeat as echo, to follow blindly somebody else’) [DE, 123]	Jazguljami	turk. kopuk (detached, disjointed) also metaphorically as in bulg.
KOPCHE – a button	KUBI (‘a button’) [AG, 348]	Mundzhani	turk. kopc,a "hook and eye" < hung ?
KOREM – an abdomen, a belly	The closest analogy is the Mari word KOREM (‘a furrow, a hollow’)		turkic qarIn, chuvash xIra~m
KORIJA – a grove, a copse belonging to the whole village	Probably from the Pamirian KARIJA (‘belonging to the village, municipal’) [RPDS, 633]	Pamirian	turk. koru (ott. qoru, qorI) "a grove" pashto qariya (i.e. qarya) "village" < `ar. qarya(t) "village" the pamiri word is based on arabic: qarya(t) (village) + relative suffix iyya(t) {properly in arabic it would be qurawiyya(t), if not just qarya(t) "village" itself.
KOSSER – a sickle, a pruning-knife	KOS (‘a big knife’) – Chuvash [ChUV, 1956] KEZ (‘a knife’) [GASK, 377]		turkic > bulghar turk. keser = adze, kes= to cut (an ottoman loanword in hungarian) keser litt. "something that cuts"
KOSSER – a sickle, a pruning-knife		Wakhi
KOTIGA – a loose coat (archaic, obsolete)	From the Pamirian KOT (‘a coat’) [RPDS, 445] + the suffix –IGA as in words such as LEVENDIGA (‘a height, a hill’), KALBUZIGA (‘a jacket made of goat-skin’) [AG, GASK, etc.]	Pamirian	pashto ko^t. (retroflex t) < eng. coat
KOTURA – a kennel, a shelter for a dog	Compare to the Pashto KOTURA (‘a type of big wooden vessel’) [ARS, 399]. Chechen KOTAR (‘a dwelling’) [ChRS, 305]	Pashto
KOTURA – a kennel, a shelter for a dog		Chechen
KOFTI – bad, badly (jargon)	KUOFT (‘ill’) [IJa, 210] GOF (‘fear’, noun) [GRS, 312]	Ishkashimi	kofti (slang) "lie, trick" < greek kof (rotten or empty inside) < greek koufos (empty)
KOFTI – bad, badly (jargon)	KUOFT (‘ill’) [IJa, 210] GOF (‘fear’, noun) [GRS, 312]	Talish
KOCH – a ram	KOC (‘to copulate’) [IJa, 209] From this stem is probably also the Bulgarian word KOCKAR (‘a rip, a rake’)	Ishkashimi	turk. koc, < turkic turkic, qoc, , qoc,(u)ngar "ram" turk. (dial.) koc,kar "a strong ram for fighting" < turkic
KOCHINA – a pigsty	GOCHI (‘a pigsty’) [TRS, 281] GODZHALA (‘a pigsty’) [ARS] Compare also to the Dardic KOCIL (‘a pigsty’)	Talish
		Pashto
		Dardic
KOSH (GRDEN KOSH) – a chest (anat. thorax)	In the Eastern Caucasus similar words – KESH, CHOZH, denote the abdominal cavity [SH, 12]	Eastern Caucasian
KOSH – a basket	KESH, CHOZH (‘a receptacle’) [SH, 40]	Eastern Caucasian
KOSHARA – a (sheep)pen	From KOSH, see above.
KOSHER – a (bee)hive	From KOSH, see above.
KRAK – a leg	KARA, KORA (‘a limb’) [SH, 42] Compare also to the Dardic KRA (‘a leg’) [DIE, 254] The closet analogy is the Tabasaran (East. Cauc.) KARK [SH. 36].	Eastern Caucasian
KRAK – a leg		Dardic
KRASA – a snake (dial.)	KRES (‘to creep, to crawl’) [IJa, 210]	Ishkashimi
KRASTA – scabies; a vice, a passion	GRAS (‘to scratch’) [GASK, 349]	Wakhi
KRACHA – to pace, to walk; KRACHKA – a step; RAZKRACH – a stride	Derivatives from KRAK, see above.
KREZH – a waste from the production of silk	KREZH (‘a waste, a rubbish’) [GASK, 370]	Wakhi
KUKA – a hook	KUKA (‘a hook’) [ChRS, LRS] Compare also to the Dardic KOKKJ (‘a hook’)	Chechen, Lezgin
KUKA – a hook		Dardic
KUKER – a mummer	KUKER (‘a cry, noise’) [ARS, etc.] Probably the initial meaning of KUKER in Bulgarian was ‘noisy, crying people’.	Pashto
KUKUMIJ – a metal cauldron. Attested in Bulgaria since the X c. AD.	The earliest analogy is the Accadian KUKUBA (‘a cauldron’). KUNKUMA (‘a cauldron’) [SH, 85]		byz. greek kukumi < lat. cucuma (Nikos Sarantakos)
		Eastern Caucasian	byz. greek kukumi < lat. cucuma (Nikos Sarantakos)
KUMA – a dialectal word meaning "walk, go!". In expressions such as "KUMA donesi voda!" ("KUMA bring water!"), "KUMA brzichko" ("KUMA quickly"), etc.	Unclear word. In some places in the Pamirs KUMA means "little, few" [DE, 135-136], although it does not fit well. Closer is probably the Ishkashimi KUMAK (‘help, assistance’) [Ija, 211], hence KUMA could mean "Help me!".	Pamirian
KUMIR – an idol	The closest analogy is the Ossetian G’UMIR (‘an idol’) and the Accadian KUMIRTU (‘a priest’)
KUNKA – a hand (children’s word)	KUINU (‘a hand’) [SH, 42], KU’G [ChRS, 233]	Eastern Caucasian
KUTRE – a pup, puppy	KUTRAJ (‘small dog’) [ARS, 398]	Pashto
KUTRE – the little finger	Probably from KUTRAJ, see above.
KUCHE – a dog	KUCHUK (‘a dog’) – Tadzhik [RTS, 711] In the Katarkali language (in Hindu-Kush) KUCHUR is ‘a dog’, and KICHIR – ‘a bitch’. In the Eastern Caucasus the dogs are called KUCH and GUZHA.	Pamirian	1. turkic (prob. < IE) tu"rki ku"c,u"k ("puppy"), turk. kuc,u (quc,u - see below) hung. kutya iranian - incl. avestan - normally has s- < IE k- for this word, osett. has k- (possib. < archaic turkic). chinese also has k- for dog. domestic dogs (ko"pek), small dogs (ku"c,u"k) seem to have k-, while It < it is more general (in turkish more vulgar, also "it su"ru"su" - dog pack, perhaps referring to wild or stray dogs) 2. other IE lang.
KUCHE – a dog		Eastern Caucasian
KUCOVLASSI – the name of Romanian-speaking tribesmen in the Southern Balkans	Probably from KUC (‘outer’) [ChRS, 233]. Thus KUCOVLASSI means ‘outer Vlakhs’	Chechen
KUSHINA – a sheaf	KUSHTA (‘a sheaf’) [SH, 71]	Eastern Caucasian
KKRJA – to simmer, to burble	KAKRA [IJa, 228]	Ishkashimi	turk. ku"kre= to roar.
KRLEZH – a tick (parasite)	KORE, KOREKAN (‘a spider, a bloodsucker’) [TRS, 127]	Talish
KRKAM – to gobble; to bubble; to swill, to booze	Compare to the Pamirian stem KR (‘to rumble’) [ARS, 403] Also to KOR (‘to suck, to drink’), which led to words such as KRLEZH and KOREKAN	Pashto
KRPA – a piece of cloth, towel; kerchief	A common Pamirian word – Ishkashimi KRPA [IJa, 212], Sarikoli KRPA [SRS, 88], etc.	Ishkashimi, Sarikoli
KRTJA – to break off, to tear off	KRD (‘to split, to cleave’), KRDA (‘to furrow’) [AG, 317]	Mundzhani
KS – a piece, a fragment	KC (‘a piece’) [IJa, 213]	Ishkashimi	? possib. < turkic (as the distribution seems to be beyond bulgarian) turk. kIsa
KT – a nook, a corner	‘a nook’ is KUT in Ishkashimi, Mundzhani, KT in Pashto and in Wakhi [GASK, 370; DE, 211]	Ishakshimi, Mundzhani, Pashto	? possib. < turkic (as the distribution seems to be beyond bulgarian) old turk. kIt (later kat) < turkic qIt, qat. (fold, corner, side, layer) wakhi kut (roof) seems to be different. pashto has ka:t, qa:t < turkic. mundzhani has ku:ta (room) also different.
KTAM – to put away/aside	GT (‘to put away’) [GASK, 350]	Wakhi
KSHTA – a house	KSHTAJ (‘a house’), GZHDAJ (‘a tent’) [ARS, RPDS, 743] KTZA (‘a house’) [GASK, 376] Compare also to the Dardic GHOSHT (‘a house’) [DIE, 270]	Pashto
		Wakhi
		Dardic
KJUTAM – to beat	Compare to the Pashto KUTJL (‘to beat’) [ARS, 1970] and the Dardic KUTA (‘to beat’) [DIE, 249]	Pashto
KJUTAM – to beat		Dardic

Modern Bulgarian	Eastern analogies		Cluster_user's ottoman parallels
MAGARE – a donkey	MAJ KHARA (‘a female donkey’) from KHARA (‘donkey’) [RPDS, 418] The ending –E in MAGARE is the same as in other Bulgarians words of old Bulgar origin – KUCHE, GALE, KUTRE, INDRISHE, MAZARE.	Pamirian
MADZHUN – a treacle, molasses	From the Pamirian/Persian MAZH (‘a honey’) + the Pamirian suffix –UN. MARZON, MAZON (‘sweet’, adj.) [ChRS, 288]	Pamirian	turk. macun "paste" < `ar. ma`cu:n "paste"
MADZHUN – a treacle, molasses		Chechen	turk. macun "paste" < `ar. ma`cu:n "paste"
MAZARE – peas (in Dobrudzha, in the district of Shumen)	MATSAR (‘peas’) [MGA, 830] MASH (‘peas’) in the other Pamirian l-s [SRS, 246; etc.]	Pamirian
MAKAR – at least; although; even so	Identical to MAGAR [ARS, 484]	Pashto
MALE – an address to one’s own mother	MHALI (‘mother!’) [DIE, 292]	Dardic
MANKIRA – to cheat, to shirk	MANKIR (‘denying’) [AG, 329]	Mundzhani	french manquer (bulg. etym. dict.) MANKIR < turk. mu"nkir "person who denies, aetheist" < `ar. munkir mundzhani has MNKIR
MAMALIGA – hominy	MLGHIGA (‘a mess, a gruel’) [AG, 328]	Mundzhani	romanian ma~ma~liga~ (corn flour dish) < latin (NB it. meliga) turk. mamaliga, NB turk. mama (chow)
MARTAK – a partner in a game of cards (dial.)	Connected probably to the Pashto MARTAK (‘a sign’) [MGS, 816], interpreted as ‘a man with whom one exchanges signs, bids’.	Pashto	the basic meaning seems to be a support turk. mertek "support, beam" < armen. martog pashto m@r.t.ak (retroflex r, t) means "plan".
MASSA – a table	MAC (‘a broad wooden board’) [LRS, 232]	Lezgin	romanian masa~ < latin me:nsa NB sp. mesa turk. masa
MASSUR – a curl (of hair)	MANSUR (‘a winding, a lap’) [LRS, 220]	Lezgin
MATI-MASKARA – in the expression "Napravih go MATI-MASKARA" ("I made him MATI-MASKARA")	From the Pashto MATI (‘a defeat, a debacle’) [RPDS, 643; ARS, 466], and MASKARA (‘a ruin’) [AG, 324]. MATI-MASKARA meant ‘defeated ruins’, or, otherwise – ‘pitiful remains’	Pamirian	turk. maskara "bufoon" < `ar. masxara(t) (nativized loan) pers. MAT < `ar. ma:t(a) "he died"
MACAM – to stain; to daub	Compare to MAZU (‘an ink nut’) [MGA, 821]	Pashto
MEGDAN – a square	Identical to the Persian/Pamirian MAJDAN [ARS, 493]	Pashto	turk. meydan < 'ar. mayda:n
MERA – a common pasture/land	MERA (‘a field, a pasture’) [MGA, 821]	Pashto
MESSAL – a table-cloth	Compare to MES (‘bedspread’) [LRS, 236] and MESSALA (‘fluffy, soft’) [ChRS, 297] The relation between MES and the Bulgarian word is the same as that between BUKH, KOK and BUKHAL, KOKAL	Lezgin, Chechen
MESSAL – a table-cloth
MEKHANA – a tavern	From the Persian MEI-HANA (‘drinking place’) [PRS, II]		turk. meyhane (ott. spell. meyxa^ne) < perisan mey xa:ne
MESHINA – a sheepskin	MESH (‘a sheep’), MESHIN (‘sheep’, adj.) [RPDS, 402; ARS, 418]	Pashto	turk. me$in < persian me$i:n
MECHKA – a bear	MJSHE (‘a bear’) in Adig [ASh, 272-273] Compare also to the Mari MASKA (‘a bear’) [RMS, 312]
MECHKA – a bear
MIACI – a name of a part of the Macedonian Bulgarians	Probably from the Pamirian MAASH, MIASH (‘a maintenance, costs, means of livelihood’). It is know that the Kuber Bulgars (VII c. AD) who settled in Macedonia were given the right by the Byzantine emperors to be provided for by the neighbouring Slavs.	Pamirian	MAASH < `ar. ma`a:$, so this particular etymology is non-sequitur. so is MIASH, which might be (if not another version of "maash") pashto miya:shtani: "monthly salary" from miya:sht "month". I doubt very much if there was a monthly pay system.
MIGAR? – Really? Indeed?	Identical to MEGAR [ChRS, 295] and MEGEM [TRS, 304]	Chechen	turk. meger (same usage) < persian...
MIGAR? – Really? Indeed?	Identical to MEGAR [ChRS, 295] and MEGEM [TRS, 304]	Talish	turk. meger (same usage) < persian...
MIGLA – an eyelash	MIZA (‘an eyelash’) [GASK, 384]	Wakhi
MIZHA – to urinate (dial.) In expressions such as "Konjat mizha." (Western Bulgaria)	MIZEM (‘to urinate’) [AG, 325] MIZG (‘urine’) [GASK, 386]	Mundzhani, Wakhi
MILINA – milk pastry; MLIN – pasty/pastry	MILIA (‘to gather’), MILIA (‘to meet guests’) [ARS, 495]	Pashto
MINGUSHKI – a hens’ wattle	MENGUSH (‘earrings’) [PRS, II] MING (‘earrings’) [ChRS, 301]
MINGUSHKI – a hens’ wattle		Chechen
MINZUKHAR - crocus	Probably in connection with its yellow colour – MEZAN (‘yellow’) in Vejnakh, MEKRTAME in Georgian.
MLJASKAM – to smack, to munch	Compare to the Sanskrit MLEKKHA (‘emitting barbarous sounds’) [MA, 237]
MOKANI – an old name of the Romanians (in Dobrudzha)	From MUKA (‘a neighbour’) [LRS, 241] from which MUKAN (‘neighbouring’). Or from MOKHAN (‘an idler, a loafer’) [ChRS, 308]	Lezgin, Chechen
MOMA – a girl, a maid	MOMO (‘elderly woman’) [RTS, 27; AG, 326; etc.] Thus MOMA probably initially meant ‘a grown-up girl’.	Mundzhani
MOMK – young man, lad	Probably from MOMAZH: MO (‘big’) + MAZH (‘man’) [AGK, 94]	Dardic
MOTOVILA – in the expression "VILA-MOTOVILA" (VILA = ‘wood-nymph, elf’).	MATAVIL (‘to kill, to destroy’) [ARS, 465]	Pashto
MRAZJA – to hate	BRAZI (‘to hate’) in Georgian [TG, 291] MERCA (‘a hatred’) [MGA, 821]
MRAZJA – to hate		Pashto
MUDNO – slowly, at slow pace	MUNDO (‘tired, slow’) [AG, 326; RPDS, 712; etc.]	Mundzhani
MUNTI – worse (jargon)	Compare semantically to the Pamirian MUNDO (‘tired, slow, ruined’) (see above)
MURA – white fir	MURKH (‘a pine’) [SH, 54] MURG (‘mountains ash, sycamore’) [ChRS, 309]	Eastern Caucasian
MURGAV – swarthy, dark	MURI (‘smoky’) in Georgian [TG, 403] MURKI (‘brown, rusty’) [EB, 82]
MURGAV – swarthy, dark		Eastern Caucasian
MUSTAK – a moustache	MSTK (‘moustache’) [GASK, 399]	Wakhi
MUSJA SE – to scowl, to lour	BUC (‘to be angry’) [ARS, 78]	Pashto
MUKHI – Bulgarian apicultural name of the bees.	At first glance, it seems to be same as the Slavic (Bulgarian as well) word MUKHA (‘a fly’), but in Persian, in the Pamirian l-s the bees are called MUSH. And the same word is also found in the lands of the former Volga Bulgars, where the Mari MUKSH means ‘bees’ [RMS, 620]. Probably this name for the bees was connected with an old Bulgar bee-keeping tradition with origins in the Persian, Pamirian regions.
MUKHI – Bulgarian apicultural name of the bees.
MUCUNA – a muzzle	MUCAR (‘a muzzle’) [ChRS, 309] Compare also to the Dravidian MUNDZHI (‘a muzzle’) [TAM, 508]	Chechen
MUCUNA – a muzzle
MUSHIJA – landowner’s estate	MUSHA (‘a worker’), MUSHAKI (‘an owner, proprietor’), MUSHATI (‘a work) in Georgian [TG, 403]
MUSHKAM – to poke	MUSHKA (‘to nudge in the ribs’) [ChRS, 310]	Chechen
MZH – a man	MZH, MAZH, MONZH (‘a man’) [DIE, 33-270]	Dardic
MJ-MJ! – a common Romanian folk exclamation.	From the Pashto MKHJ (‘a wedding’) [ARS, 473]. Also see MNNKA below.	Pashto
MNNKA – Please! (dial.) (Also used in Romanian)	From the Pashto verb MANL (‘to please, to approve’), leading to MANLAJ (‘dear, honoured’), MANNA (‘an approval’), etc.	Pashto
MRVACI – the name of a part of the Macedonian Bulgarians	MARVACH (‘strong, brave’) [MGA, 817]	Pashto
MRLA – a slut, a slattern	MRKHLAJ (‘an careless, negligent man’) [ARS, 477]	Pashto
MRSJA – to dirty, to soil	MURS (‘to get dirty’) [LRS, 245]	Lezgin
MRCINA – in the expression "umrja mrcina" ("[He] died mrcina")	MRCAPAN (‘a perished man, a man who died a violent death’) [MGA, 816] fits exactly to the meaning of the Bulgarian expression	Pashto
MRKHULJA – to squeeze something, to loither around something (dial.)	MRKHULAJ (‘a bustling, hesitating man’) [MGA, 816]	Pashto
MJUEDZHE – a reward for a good news. (In folk tales)	Identical to the Wakhi MEZDA [GASK, 394]	Wakhi	turk. mu"jde (good news! congratulations!) < pers. mujde