Old Bulgar words preserved in the modern Bulgarian language: A - B - V

A.
 

Modern Bulgarian	Eastern analogies		Cluster_user's ottoman parallels
AZ – I , me	AZ (‘I’) is common to the Pamirian languages – Ishkashimi, Sarikoli, Roshov, Bartang, Khufi.  Compare also to AZ in Talish.	Pamirian
		Talish
AKO – if	AKA, AGA, AGAR (‘if’) in Ishkashimi, Tadzhik, Mundzhani, Sarikoli, etc.	Pamirian
AMI – but, and, why, well	AME, ME (‘this, such’) [IJa, AG, 332] ANI (‘besides’)	Ishkashimi, Mundzhani	turk. ama "but" < `ar. 'amma: (particle for contrast)
ANTERIJA – a padded jacket	ANDRJKA (‘a short garment for men’) [IJa, 180; DE, 84-85] from the Pamirian stem ANDAR (‘inner, under’)	Ishkashimi, Jazguljami	turk. entari, < also `anteri^, < `ar. `antariyya(t) < sans. antariya  `anteriyya(t) is folk etymology from `antar an arab romance hero.  pamiri word is probably native.

B.

Modern Bulgarian	Eastern analogies		Cluster_user's ottoman parallels
BAJ – an address to older people – an older bother, uncle	BAJ (‘an uncle’) [AG, 283] BJ (‘a brother’) [TRS, 38]	Mundzhani
		Talish
BAMBALO – a lump of mud	BAMBAL – a garbage, an empty wheat-ear [ARS, 75]	Pashto
BANKO, BRAJNO, sometimes BRALE – an address to o.'s brother	BRAJ, BRA (‘an address to a brother’) [IJa, 187]	Ishkashimi
BATE (BACHO, BAKO) – an address to an older brother. Attested as early as the VII c. AD in the name of the oldest son of khan Kubrat – Bat-Bajan	BAT, BACH (‘an older brother’) [GASK, 303] from the Sanskrit PAT (‘a honour, a respect’)	Wakhi
BAFTA (PAFTA) – a decoration on the women’s belts, a belt buckle	BAFTA (‘a decoration, aiglets’) [LRS, 60]	Lezgin	turk. pafta (metal decoration on a horse or other) < pers. ba:fte
BASHTA – a father	Peculiar here is that this word is of masculine gender, yet it ends in -A, something very uncharacteristic for Bulgarian. But it can be compared to the Proto-Bulgarian title KANA SJUBIGI, KANA also ending in -A and being of masculine gender. Other similar examples are BOILA, ZERA. This shows that in Proto-Bulgarian the ending -A was not unusual for words of masculine gender, unlike the Slavic l-s, where it forms words of feminine gender. It is not characteristic for the Turkic l-s either. The only Turkic parallel of this type is the word PASHA, but it is not a proper Turkic word but a derivative of the Persian PAD-I-SHAH. Sanskrit and Avestan are the only l-s using the ending -A for words of masculine gender. The closet parallel of the Bulgarian BASHTA is the Pamirian BAKSHTA. [GASK, 302]	Pamirian
BEL – a straight spade	BEL is common to the Pamirian as well as Talish and Persian [ARS, TRS, PRS].  In the Pamirs it also occurs as a diminutive BELCHA (‘a small spade’).	Talish	turk bel < pers. bel
		Pashto
		Pamirian
BELEG – a scar, a mark	In the Pamirs this word means ‘a mark’. BELAK, for example, is the sign given by the bridegroom to the bride as an expression of his feelings.  BELEK (‘a sign’) – in the northern Georgian peoples – Svans, Khevsurs, Pshavs.	Pamirian	turkic belgu", mong. belge. "sign, mark" *bel signifies "to be  manifest"  bil= "to know" chuvash palla~
BELEZHA – to mark	A derivative from BELEG.
BELUVIK – a monument (Volga Bulgaria)	From the same origin as BELEG		belu"wik, belu":k  later belu"yi, belwi, belu"wi (with possesive suffix -i)
BELCHUG – a metal ring put in the swine’s snout	From the Alanian BJL (‘a shout, a muzzle’) and CHUG (‘a ring’) [ORS].		probably the meaning "handcuffs" and the like are better. perhaps from turkic bilek "wrist"  from another source: "(now replaced by Slavic belezitzi, or beleznitzi)  - handcuff"  belezitzi from common turkic bilezik < bilek yu"zu"k (yu"zu"k = ring)
BENT – a dam, a weir	BEND (‘a dam, a weir’) [RPDS, 478] from the Indo-Iranian verb BAND – ‘to bind, to bar, to obstruct’.	Pamirian	turk. bent < pers. bend
BLAGATKI – good (adj.)	BELOGAT (‘perfect’) [GASK, 313]	Wakhi	turk. bala^gat "eloquence" < `ar. bala:g~a(t) "eloquence" wakhi
BLAGUNA – a type of sweet pear  BLAGUN – a sycamore, a type of oak	BLAGUND (‘a pear-type tree’) [ARS, 73] BLANG (‘an evergreen tree’) from BLANG – ‘green’	Pashto
BLANAV – tasteless, saltless	BLANG (‘fresh, saltless’) [ARS, 74] The -AV ending, which is usually found in adjectives of old Bulgar origin, such as KHUBAV, SHTURAV, GIZDAV, etc., also supports this interpretation.	Pashto
BODKA – a small coin	BOTKJ (‘a small golden coin’) [ARS, 58]	Pashto
BOLJARIN – a noble	From the old Bulgar BOILA, or more exactly – from its plural form BOILAR, and the suffix -IN, which is characteristic for other old words: KHLOBRIN, ESTROGIN, etc.		boyla (< tu"rku"t? < iranian?) + -r (oghur plural or collective,  instead of later -lar, collective -z) + -in  (slavic)
BORA – the name of one unpleasant wind in the Stara planina mountains.	BURA (‘a mischief’), BORI [ARS, 79]	Pashto	cl. greek boreas, venet. bora, turk. bora  see also sinor Denis Sinor Studia Orientalia 47, 1977 as well as a. tietze "the lingua franca in the levant ..."
BORIKA – a slender pine-tree	BERIK (‘a slender tree’) [GASK, 314]	Wakhi
BOTUSHI – boots	From BUT (‘a boot’) [GASK, 31] and the old Bulgar ending for plural forms –SHI, also found in words such as TULSHI (‘helmets’), HUMSHI (‘armour’).	Wakhi	romanian botu$i < lat.  NB french botte < turk. "bot"  for the doubters, pashto has in fact bu:t. , with the retroflex /t./ that pashto and indian languages use to render the english /alveolar t/ (the other t is dental). thus pashto (the source of wakhi) borrowed the word from english.
BRANTIJA – a broken thing or a unfit person	BRAND (‘a vicious, indecent person’) [ARS, 66]	Pashto
BRMBAR (dial. BUMBAR) – a beetle, a bug	BUMBAR, BAMBJRA (‘a beetle’) [ARS, 75] It is also BUMBAR (‘a beetle’) in the Eastern Caucasus [ChRS] The oldest analogy is the Sanskrit BRAMARA (‘a beetle’).	Pashto
		Chechen
BRST – cut tree branches with leaves for cattle’s feeder	BRES (‘a cut piece’) [GASK, 490]	Wakhi
BRTVJA – to chatter; a derivative form is BRTVEZH (‘an idle talk, a chatter’)	BJRT (‘to  jabber, to chatter’) [TRS, 37]	Talish
BUBA – a silkworm; a little bug	BOBAN (mulberry branches, used for feeding silkworms) – in the Khufi, Roshov l-s (Pamirian)	Pamirian	greek  bombyks  under discussion.
BOBONKI, BUBONKI – a mulberry-tree (used in the district of Razgrad)	From BOBAN, see above.
BUBA – a bugbear, a bogy. In the expression ‘Buba lazi, buba lazi’ used for frightening little children.	BOBA (‘a bugbear, a monster’) [ChRS, 82]	Chechen
BUZA – a cheek	Similar to the Persian BUS in the expression BUS-GH (‘a face’)  PUZ, PJZ (‘a lip’) [SH, 32]
		Eastern Caucasian
BUKANKI – soldier’s boots (in Dobrudzha)	BUKANA (‘hard, stiff’) [ChRS, 60-75]	Chechen
BUKAR – a boar (dial.)	BUK, BUKA (‘a swine’) [SH, 27] – Udin, Tabasaran, Archin in the Eastern Caucasus	Eastern Caucasian
BULGUR – groats, grits	BALGUR (‘groats, croup’) [RPDS, 311]	Pamirian	turk. bulgur < pers. bulg~ur
BULKA – a bride	WULA (‘a woman, a wife’) [AG, 376]	Mundzhani	old turkish (15th cent.) bula "mistress of the house," elder  sister (NB turk. abla), also "uncle's wife" (sami)  some meanings may have been indfluenced by ottm. turk. bu'u^le < `ar bu`u:la(t) (pl. of ba`l "master" "husband" etc.)  NB bulg. bula "turkish woman"
BUMBAK – cotton (noun) (dial.)	PUMBA (‘cotton’) [ARS, 116]	Pashto	turk. pamuk, variant (ott., dial.) panbuk, pambuk < turkic < iran. (clauson)
BUN – a root (in the district of Bansko)	BUN (‘a root’) [ARS, 77]	Pashto
BUNAK – a booby, a noodle	BUNAR (‘a blind man’) [ARS, 76]	Pashto	turk. bunak (senile), older bu*ng*aq
BUNISHTE – a dumping ground, a dunghill	BUN (‘a bottom, a pit’) [IJa, 188; TRS, 279] + -ISHTE, like in KAPISHTE  BUNIAD (‘unfit, filthy’) [ARS, 77]	Ishkashimi, Talish
		Pashto
BUR – limestone, chalk (in the names of rocky locations – Burel, Burieva, etc.)	BUR (‘limestone’) [SRS, 266]	Sarikoli
BUREN – a weed	Compare to the Persian BURAN (‘quickly growing plant’) and the Talish BUREN. [PRS, 1; LPS, 66]		turk. buran "that which twists"
BURENIJA – a soup of weeds (dial.)	See BUREN above.		turk. borani^, bu^ra^ni^  < pers. bu:ra:ni:  (attributed to buran, a wife of a caliph)
BURKI – moustaches (in the expression MURKI BURKI – "black moustaches")	BRET (‘moustaches’) [ARS, 67] BUKE (‘the moustaches and the beard’) [TRS, 39]	Pashto
		Talish
BUSENICA – a straw hut	BUS (‘a straw’) [ARS, 89]	Pashto
BUTAM – to push	Compare to the Parthian BUTAN (‘to throw down, to bring down’) [SIJa, 237]
BUKHAL – an owl	Common to Persia – as BUF, to the Pamirs – as BU, and the Eastern Caucasus – as BUKHIA
BUCHA – to prick, to stick, to pin	WUC (‘an edge, a sharp blade’) [GASK, 490]	Wakhi
BBREK – a kidney	BVRA (‘a kidney’) [SH, 41]	Eastern Caucasian	turk. bo"brek, older bo"g~rek (turkic)  russian bubrek shows a wider distribution and potentially older borrowing.
BDNE – a type of pot	BDNAJ (‘a pot’) [ARS, 61] BDNK (‘a small pot’) [IJa, 187]	Pashto, Ishkashimi
BRDUCHE –a small container for water	BARDAK (‘a small container for water’) [TRS, 24]	Talish	turk. bardak (probably turkic, < bart)
BRKAM – to get wrong	BURKU (‘blind’) [SH, 110]	Eastern Caucasian
BRCHA – to wrinkle, to ripple; hence BRCHKA – a wrinkle, a furrow; a crease	BARCH (‘to wrinkle, to ripple’) [ChRS, 56]	Chechen
BKH – a call for a fight, in the expression "khajde na BKH".	BKHS (‘a hatred’) [IJa]	Ishkashimi
BKHTJA SE – to labour, to toil away	BOKHTJA (‘to torment oneself, to suffer’) [ARS]	Pashto

V.

Modern Bulgarian	Eastern analogies		Cluster_user's ottoman parallels
VADA – a ditch, a channel	WAD, WOD (‘a ditch, a channel’) [SRS, 258; GASK, 489; etc.]	Sarikoli, Wakhi
VADJA – to pull out	WADA (‘to pull out’) [ARS, 520]	Pashto
VAPCVAM – to paint	Compare to the Sarikoli WABEIS [SRS, 190]	Sarikoli
VARE – a forewarning in the expressions "lele vare", "lele vare, Mecano" in folk songs, etc.	VARA (‘Be careful! Don’t!’) [ChRS, 85]	Chechen
VEZHDA – an eyebrow	WREZA (‘an eyebrow’) [ARS; AG, 372]	Pashto, Mundzhani
VEJKA – a small branch, a twig	WEKH (‘a twig’) [IJa, 244]	Ishkashimi
VERTEP – a brothel, a haunt	WERTAB (‘a gathering place for loafers’) [DE, 295]	Jazguljami
VECHE - already	Compare to the Pamirian WEZ [DE, 281]	Jazguljami
VESHTICA – a witch	WAASHT (‘a nightmare, a bag ghost’) [IJa, 284]	Ishkashimi
VIK – a cry	Compare to the Persian WIK (‘a noise’)
VIRA – in the expression "MAJNA I VIRA" with which the loaders lift heavy loads.	WIRA (‘a load’) [AG, 370]	Mundzhani
VIREJA – to grow, to thrive	Quite an old word. Compare it to the Dardic UJIR – life (noun), UJIRULLA – live, vital	Dardic
VRJAVA – an uproar, a racket	WERRE (‘an uproar’) [TRS, 43]	Talish
VGAREC – a parasitic caterpillar on beans and wheat	WINGHARO (‘a caterpillar’) [AG, 375]	Mundzhani
VDK – a large ritual sheaf with the form of a human, left in the field in order to bring rich crops	WADOK (‘a ritual puppet’) [IJa, 287] WNDK (‘a big rope for binding sheaves’) [IJa, 283]	Ishkashimi
VZGECH – a folk word, used to ridicule dreamers and liars	WZGESHT (‘long, with a tail’) [DE, 285]	Jazguljami	turk. expression vaz gec, = "abandon (it), give up" vaz < prob. pers. ba:z "behind, alone etc."  gec,= to pass
VZGLAVNICA – a pillow	Although it has a clear Slavic meaning, in the Pamirs there are also similar words for pillow: BALISH and WZGAR [IJa, DE, 289 and 335]	Ishkashimi, Jazguljami
VZHE – a rope	The common Slavic name for 'a rope' is UZI. But there is a Pamirian word - WZH (‘a rope’) [GASK, 493; TRS, 276], which is closer to the Bulgarian one.	Talish
		Wakhi
VRVJA – to go, to walk	Compare to the Sogdian WAR (‘to walk’) and the Dardic PARA, WALRA.
		Dardic
VRKOLAK, VURDALAK – a vampire	Probably from WARAN (‘a dragon’)  Also the Talish WRME (‘unholy force’) [TRS, 48]	Pamirian
		Talish
VRSHEJA – to thresh, to frail	Although it is similar to the Slavic VERSHIT’, there is also the Pamirian word FRSHAJ (‘to thresh sheaves, to separate the grain with a stick’) [SRS, 243]
		Sarikoli
VTK – a weft, a woof	The common Slavic variant of this word is UTOK. But in the Pamirs it sounds as WD [IJa, 244; DE]. As in the case of VZHE, the Pamirian variant is closer to the Bulgarian word.	Ishkashimi, Jazguljami

 
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