| Old Bulgar word |
Closest analogies |
Cluster_user's ottoman
parallels |
| |
|
|
| ALEM (first) the name of the first
month |
Alein frontal, first (Talish) |
|
| ALTEM (last, back) the name of the
twelfth month |
Alt back, lower (Celtic) |
|
| ALKHASI KUPE (an armament, most
probably a siege tower) |
Alkhasi a siege engine (Georgian) |
alkha is probably from `ar. Halqa(t) with a
semitic H. |
| AN (or EN) in two inscriptions
from Murfatlar |
An, en a heaven (Sumerian)
Inish God (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| AS (an ash, mortal remains) in the expression
ZENTY ASO E |
As an ash (Kati, Pashto)
Ase (Sogdian) |
|
| AULI the Greek name of the palace of
Krum |
Auli a building with a high wall (Pamirian) |
< turkic ag~ul, ag~Il (an enclosure,
sheep or cattle pen, later village)
hung. o'l (cattle pen), chuvash yal |
| BAGAIN a military commander |
Bakhoin a military man (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| BAGATUR a heavily armed horseman |
Bakhadur (North Indian)
Bagatur (Georgian) |
turko-mongol < asiatic hunnic (clauson) >
pers. baha:dur > ott. turk. |
| BAN a military deputy of a region |
Ban a military commander (Eastern Caucasian),
from BO an army |
|
| BELEG - a sign |
Belek a sign, a mark (Georgian),
Belyeg (Hungarian) |
turkic belgu", mong. belge. "sign, mark" *bel
signifies "to be
manifest"
bil= "to know" chuvash palla~ |
| BIRI-BAGAIN a commander of lightly
armed horsemen |
from Bir a cavalry band (Pamirian) |
|
| BISER precious beads for a necklace |
Bisjer a multityde, many small things
(Tadzhik) |
biser seems to be of arabic origin, meaning
"bead" or "false pearl". Some qychaq languages seem to have it (in arabic
it more commonly means unripe date(s) - busra(t), busr). I attribute it
to either pecheneg turkic or the meditaranean trade. |
BO KOLAB R
an army priest |
Kolobr
a priest and Bo an army (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| BOILA a noble, a lord |
Bola a master (Vejnakh)
Boul (Persian) |
|
| BORU a stronghold, a town |
Boru a stronghold (Pamirian, Persian) |
|
| VER the year of the Dragon |
Berka a big snake (Eastern Caucasian)
Waran a gigantic lizard, Warendak long, snake-like
[SRS,
186]
Vaireni a dragon (Prakrit), Vaira dangerous, Varuna
the god-protector of the water, "The Encompasser of the World"
Dobrev also had the Dardic Peren (dragon), Proto-indian (?) Peran
(large, long), the Chuvash Verem (long), the Sumero-Accadian Ur,
Jurnu
(dragon), the wide spread of this and other calendar terms of the nominalia
pointing to the ancient chartacter of the cyclic calendar. |
veren < turkic evren "dragon", "firmament
(i.e. sky, stars etc.), (also "oven") from evir= to turn around apparently
ewren/evren was latter found as a volgabulghar name.
either e/v reversal or evren > *o":ren > veren (o": > ve - found
in -r turkic.
iranian has avesta a*zh*i dahaka in a well known legend (later a half-serpent
king, zohak, dahak in kurdish) for "dragon". new persian ejder, ejdeha
(j=/zh/) |
| VECHEM the fifth month in the calendar |
Wjuch five (Dardic)
Wjuchem fifth |
|
| VESH a month, a part of the year in
the expression ELMA VESH |
Wesh a part, a share (Pamirian)
Vez (Vaz) moon (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| VIKHTUN to remove, to throw out (in
the Nominalia) |
Bikht thrown away in Al-Birunis
"India" |
|
| GILS a burial pot in the expression
OKHSI TZIT MA GILS |
Gilos a burial pot (Pamirian) |
|
| DVAN the year of the Hare |
Dvand fleet-footed (Pamirian) |
|
| DZHUDZHE small, tiny |
Dzhudzhe a small animal, a birdie,
a chick (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| DILOM the year of the Snake |
Tilok a big worm (Pamirian) |
archaic turkic *dIlan > comm. turkic yIlan |
| DOKHS the year of the wild boar |
Tokhs bad, fierce (Persian) |
|
| EALKH in the expression OKHSI YOVOK
EALKH |
Jalkho a servant, a slave (Eastern
Caucasian) |
|
| EVROPII MIZIJSK
- rulers of Moesia in Saint Kliments life |
Euri a master (Urartian) |
|
| EPI in the expression EPI ITIP BILO |
Eb, emp a wolf (Eastern Caicasian) |
|
| ESTEK eighteen, in the expression ESTEK
KRNI I REZHET |
Astais eighteen (Dardic)
Histdan eighteen (Pamirian) |
|
| ESTROGIN KUPE a type of armour,
most probably a mail armour |
Jestrika knitted (Pamirian) |
|
| ETKH the year of the Dog |
Jettu a pack of dogs (Eastern Caucasian)
Jjta a dog (Chuvash) |
|
| EFE an isolated word on the walls of
the churches in Murfatlar |
Efe to excuse (Pamirian) |
|
| EN a heaven |
See AN |
|
| ZOAPAN a court title |
Zhoopan an official (Eastern Caucasian)
Chupan (Sogdian) from fsu-pana (Sanskrit) |
|
| ZDCHII
a builder, an architect |
Zig to rise, Zid high (Sumerian),
Sida (Urartian) |
|
| ZERA in the expressions ANZI ZERA,
ZERA TARKANOS |
Dzra
a supervisor (Pamirian)
Zera a courier (Pamirian) |
|
| ITZI in the expression ANZI ZERA ITZI
AZO E |
Ish fair (Eastern Caucasian)
Is a world, God (Sanskrit) |
|
| ITZIGI holy |
See ITZI |
|
| ICHIRGU BAGAIN a commander of
the archer or of the palace guard |
Ichirkho an archer, a sentry (Eastern
Caucasian)
Isara an arrow (Sanskrit) |
|
| ICHURGU BOILA the title of the
commander of the garrison in the capital |
See ICHURGU |
|
| KAVKHAN the second most senior title
in Bulgaria |
Kavkha
a chief of a town (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| KAZNACHII a treasurer |
Khazna a treasure (Persian, Pamirian) |
|
| KALU TARKAN one of the participants
in the wedding ceremony of Car Peter |
Kalu a type of priests (Accadian)
Kal an oath (Pamirian)
Kalum to swear (Pamirian) |
|
| CAMPSIS the title of one of the Bulgarian
representatives on the VIII. Ecumenical council in the expression ZISUNAS
CAPMSIS |
The original word must have been KABSI
Kabshi an advisor (Georgian) |
|
| KANA the most senior Bulgar title.
In expressions such as KANA SUBIGI, KANA BOILA KOLOBR,
etc. |
Kana a chieftain (Eastern Caucasian)
Kana major, big (Pamirian) |
|
| KANASUBIGI, KANESUBIGI the official
title of the Bulgar khans; from KANA (leader) and SUBIGI (divine) |
Similar to KANIZAUCI the highest Avar
title |
|
| KANARTIKIN the title of the heir to
the throne |
Tikin a heir (Eastern Caucasian) +
Kanar of the Kana |
|
| KAPISHTE a pagan Bulgar temple |
Kap a prayer (Eastern Caucasian)
Kapisha a priest (Accadian) |
turkic ki:b - mould, model, later image, idol.
( -p ?)
chuvash pek < *kep, hung ke'p
yakut kieb , mong. keb |
| KNIN a title at the time of Car Simeon,
mentioned together with MAGOTIN and IMNIK |
No correspondences found |
|
| KRMCHII
a steersman |
Krm
to guide (Talish) |
|
| KOLOBR
a priest |
Kolobkhar a cleric (Persian)
Kulbr (Pamirian) |
|
| KORABCHII
a word translated in Greek as NAUTOS sailor |
From the Greek Korabos (ship) with the
Bulgar suffix -CHII |
|
| KRAVCHII
a servant in the court, who cut and served the roasted meat |
Kravi to cut meat (Sanskrit)
Craf to cut meat (Celtic) |
|
| KRCHII,
KRCHII
a mine-digger |
Kherrch a furnace (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| KSISTON a type of fish in Kubrat Bulgaria
(in Southern Russia and the Caucasus) |
Sischiani a type of bream (Georgian) |
|
| KUVENTOS the Bulgar peoples assembly
("The Bulgars gathered for a kuvent", in Theophanes) |
Coveth to gather (Celtic) |
|
| KUKUMIJ a big metal vessel |
Kukuba a cauldron (Accadian)
Gumguma a cauldron (Persian)
Kumkum a cauldron (Eastern Caucasian) |
byz. greek kukumi < lat. cucuma (nikos sarantakos) |
| KUMIR an idol |
Kumirtu holy (Accadian)
Gumiri an idol (Alanian) |
|
| KJUBE (written KUPE in Greek) the general
name for the metal armour |
Kupa metal (noun) (Sanskrit)
Kuba an armour (Eastern Caucasian)
Kubachi the master of armour (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| KNIGACHII
a bookman |
See KNIGA |
|
| KNIGA
a book |
Kunukku a royal inscription (Accadian)
Knik a seal (Armenian) |
turkic * ku"ynig < chinese k`u"en "roll"
hung. ko"nyv < oghur * ku"niv.
mordiv. ko*ny*ov < old chuvash * ka*ny*Iv
chuvash ke~neke < russian
old uyghur ku"in, ku"in bitig (bitig "book" < chinese also)
+ turkic c,i |
| IMAET a trustee, in the expression
ZHUPAN I IMAET GEORGE |
Imaet a trustee, a guardian (Pamirian) |
imaet (pamirian) sounds like `ar. 'ama:na(t)
(putting into trust)
if so, the old bulgarian word must be something else. |
| IMENSHEGOR a stallion. The other name
for the year of the Horse |
Imne a horse (Mari)
Imikhu a donkey (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| IMNIK the senior overseer in the palace
stables |
Derived from IMEN (horse) |
|
| LUR a part of the dressing of Car Simeon,
mentioned by John Exarch |
Lor a knitted decoration, a necklace
(Pamirian) |
|
| MAGOTIN a title at the time of Car
Simeon |
Moguti a title in the former Kubrat
Bulgaria |
|
| MIR a court title, in the expression
ZITKOI MIR from the Madara fortress |
Mir a master, a ruler (Pamirian)
Mikhr a noble (Persian) |
mi:r is short for `ar. 'ami:r (an amir, commander,
prince). This was noticed by menges, byzantion vol. 28, p. 447-448. According
to him, it is not a title at all, but the last' syllable of a slavic proper
name. I don't know about persian "mikhr" (not in any persian or middle
persian dictionary of mine), but I find it unlikely that *kh* would drop
out. |
| MURZULI a type of fish, mentioned together
with KSISTON by Theophanes (IX c. AD) |
Murca a barbel (Georgian)
Murculi of barbel (Georgian) |
|
| OLKH a word from a grave inscription |
Ol to leave in peace (Pamirian) |
|
| OLGU TARKAN a court title |
Olka a district (Georgian) |
|
| PECHAT a seal |
Bechedi a seal (Georgian) |
|
| PILE ZOPAN in the expression
TORTUNA PILE ZOPAN |
Pile senior (Talish) |
|
| SAMCHII
a title, translated in Greek as MEIZOTEPOS an authorized person,
an intermediary |
Samadzh communication, association
(Sanskrit)
Samo a truce-envoy (Pamiro-Dardic)
Sabchi a messenger (Georgian) |
|
| SAMPSIS a part of the title of one
of the Bulgarian representatives at the VIII. Ecumenical council |
Probably the same as SAMCHII |
|
| SARAKT a name of a border area at the
time of Krum |
Sarkhad
a border (Pamirian)
Sarak a guarded road |
|
| SOKACHII a word, translated in Greek
as MAGEIROS cook |
Szacacs a cook (Hungarian) |
|
| SOMOR the year of the Mouse (or the
Rat) |
Smor a sable (Parthian)
Shupor a flying mouse, a bat (Pamirian, Talish) |
|
| SUKMAN a Bulgarian womans dress (low-cut
sleeveless dress) |
Sukban a dress, a gown (Eastern Caucasian)
Cokman a dressing gown (Pamirian) |
|
| TAGROGI a word from Nagy Saint Miklos
treasure, referring to the fraternization of two zhupans |
Tagarog a reapproachment; becoming
related by marriage (Persian) |
|
| TAGGRAN a word, which most probably
referred to God Tangra. It would represen tthe only mentioning of Tangra
in Bulgar inscriptions. |
Tanra holy (Assyrian)
Tandra a thunder (Pamirian)
Dingir God (Sumerian) |
|
| TARKAN a judge, a supervisor |
Similar to the Alanian Tarkan (Ash takran)
Tark to judge (Sanskrit) |
|
| TEKU (TAG) the year of the Horse |
Teky a donkey (Caucasian)
Tajku a foal (Pamirian) |
|
| TVIREM the fourth month in the calendar |
Tuirea four (Sanskrit)
Cfir, Twir four (Pamirian) |
|
| TES a golden basin, a bowl, in the
expression BOILA ZOAPAN TEZI |
Tesh a basin, a bowl (Pamirian)
Tsh a basin, a bowl (Talish, Persian)
Compare also to Tesh gold (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| TORTUNA a guard of a ford |
Tortu a ford (Pamirian) |
|
| TOKH the year of the Cock |
Tukh a hen (Pamirian)
Tokh a hen (Ugric) |
hung. tyu'k < og~uric *tIvuq < turkic
taq:ag~u, taquq etc.
(chuvash studies) |
| TUBA a vow or a holy gift. In the
expression "Tongan iz polou tuba obasa" |
Tuba a vow, a pledge (Pamirian, Eastern
Caucasian)
Or from Tuva a gift (See below) |
I would discard tuba. `ar. tawba(t) - vow (of
regret) |
| TUVIN in the Omurtag's expression "And
the tuvin is famous, fine." |
Tuva a gift (Talish, Eastern Caucasian)
TUVIN probably means given as gift |
if tuva is taken to be from "pashto" tuhfa -
gift - this etymology is impossible since tuhfa is a later day loan from
arabic tuHfa(t) "gift", with a /H/ i.e. /h./ pharyngeal unvoiced fricative
which is not native to pashto and is generally afro-asiatic. see aslanov
pashto-russian p. 218 (2nd col. - "podarok") for confirmation. |
| TURNESI golden coins in one three-lingual
passage, containing the Greek, the Slav and the Bulgar name of the golden
coins |
Turanshi yellow, golden (Persian) |
probably turan*dj*i:, turun*dj*i
turun*dj*, turan*dj* means "an orange", turun*dj*i:, turan*dj*i: means
"orange colored". the closest i found was a metaphorical name for the sun
by steingass as turun*dj*i: zer (zar = gold, golden). asside from the fact
that the -i: sufifx was i:k in middle persian, somehow I find this explanation
as giving "too colloquial" a name for the coin. |
| TUTOM the second month of the year |
Tutam second (Persian)
Dutom second (Pamiro-Dardic) |
|
| KHLOBRIN a type of armament. It was
available in only one copy in the Preslav inscription. |
Khulbure a protective cover (Pamirian) |
|
| KHONSA a thief. A word explained as
being a Bulgar one in codex Suidas (X c. AD), when speaking about the
laws introduced by Krum. |
Khonsa a vicious person (Persian)
Khonc a plunder (Eastern Caucasian) |
can't find the persian word. the closest in
new persian (in the
dictionary used by dobrev) is xu:n serd litt. "cold-blooded"
in other places xu:nsa:z "murderer" - from xu:n = blood. |
| KHUMSHI KJUBE a type of armour,
most probably made of a single piece of metal |
Hunzu moulded, cast in metal piece
(Accadian) |
|
| CHIGOT a swordsman |
Chiko a big knife (Pamirian) |
|
| CHITEM the third month of the year |
Citiya three (Sanskrit) |
|
| CHVAN
cast iron |
The only analog is the Dari Chawan |
|
| CHVANCHII
an iron-smith |
From CHAVAN with the suffix -CHII |
|
| SHAR a paint, a dye |
Shir a paint (Eastern Caucasian)
Sar to paint (Sumerian) |
> tu"rku"t (?) sIr ("lacquer" - ka$gari) <
middle chinese *ts`i@t (> ch`i)
it is attributed to the tu"rku"t on the grounds of the phonetics of
chinese. it appears that a middle chinese dialect in contact with tu"rku"t
had -r < -t. there are some other examples in tu"rku"t to support this.
in bulgarian it would be a bulghar word acquired from common turkic
before the migration to the danube.
uyghur sIrc,I (later "painter", with turkic suffix).
qazan tatar sIr "paint", chuvash sa~r (< tatar?)
NB oghur palatization $ < s + palatal |
| SHARCHII
a painter |
Shirchi a painter (Eastern Caucasian) |
|
| SHEGOR the year of the Bull (Ox) |
Sheg a bull (Pamirian),
Ceg (Eastern Caucasian)
Shegor a deer-bull (zekhre) |
turkic sIg~Ir "cattle," large quadruped. |
| SHEKHTEM the sixth month |
Shekh six (Pamirian, Dardic) |
|
| SHILE a (weaned) lamb |
Sila a lamb (Sumerian)
Shile the child of an animal (Kabarda dialects) |
|