From: cluster.user@yale.edu (Cluster User) Subject: Re: The Bulgars are Bulgars (Re: Caucasoid Turks/Bulgars) Date: 31 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT Message-ID: <3701a35c.20220675@news.yale.edu> References: <36ca073a.16343620@news.yale.edu> <36cca3ed.14676934@news.yale.edu> <36cca75c.15555467@news.yale.edu> <36cf2980.190197920@news.yale.edu> <36dee7fa.108219411@news.yale.edu> <36e40f21.4849643@news.yale.edu> <7c6hs4$va@cpca3.uea.ac.uk> <36f6aeef.439178515@news.yale.edu> <7dajnt$ssk$1@nnrp1.dejanews.com> Organization: Yale University Newsgroups: sci.lang I recieved from vassil karloukovski a list of some words given a bulghar (for dobrev iranian) etymology by dobrev, previously not included inthe web page. here is the additions: ===================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DZHEGALKA - a shuttle of a loom Compare to the Talish DZH@G@LE ('a part of an instrument, piece') [TRS, 255], also to the Talish DZAVANE ('an addition'). The Mundzhani C@WANA ('a type of pitchfork') ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DZHOP - a big stick (in the district of Stara Zagora, etc.) In expressions such as "Udari mu edin dzhop!" From the Pamirian CHOB ('a club, a cudgel') [RPDS, 444] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DZHUGA - a ring around cart's axle. Unclear word according to the Bulgarian etymological dictionary [BER, I]. However, in the Pamirs it has direct parallels - DZHUG ('tie, coupling; yoke') [AG, GASK, ARS, MGA, IJa, etc.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DZHURA - a bagpipe. Compare to the Pamirian JUR ('to tune a musical instrument') [GASK, 364] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DOJKA - a wet-nurse The Bulgarian etymological dictionary [BER] correctly connected it with DOJA ('to suckle; to milk'), not providing, however, any direct parallels from other l-s. The only group of peoples who have a similar word is the Pamirian, where it sounds as DO*J*A, DA*J*A (RPDS, 389; GASK, 334, etc.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ZAMAN - an epoch [SRS, 220] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ZER - really, indeed. In expressions "ima zer, taka zer" Compare to the Pashto DZER ('much, underlined') [ARS, 279] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Z@ZNA - to shiver, to shake with cold Compare to the Chechen ZU'Z ('shivering'), ZU'ZANA Talish Z@JZ ('fear, terror') [TRS, 106] Wakhi Z@JSK ('to shiver with cold') [GASK, 365] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ JOROKLICA - in expression such as "Nevestice, joroklice" ("Oh, you bride, you joroklica"), "Nevestice, oruglice", etc. The Bulgarian etymological dictionary [BER, II, 108] correctly pointed to the similarity with JORUGVA/KHORUGVA ('a gonfalon'), which itself is unclear. From the Mundzhani, also Persian, JORO ('a prayer to God') [AG, 390], also YO-RAP ('a call to God, a promise before God') [GASK, 510] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- KAJ - a colloquial particle, ("he/she says"). In expressions such as "Ima - kaj! Ela - kaj!" Identical to the Pamirian KE [GASK, 368] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ KARAM SE - to scold; tp quarrel with s.o. Compare to the Pamirian QAR ('anger') [Ija, 228] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ KACHULAT - hooded; crested. A derivative from KACHUL (see above). KACURA ('a hood') in Pashto [ARS, 400] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ KESHKI - a common folk exclamation, with a self-reproaching meaning. ("KESHKI da bjah napravil!" = "Why didn't I do something!") Identical to the Pamirian exclamation KOSHKI [IJa, 210] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ KOKICHKA - a pit, a stone (of fruit) (NB 'a pit, a stone of fruit' is also KOSTILKA in Bulgarian) Derived from KOK ('hard') (See KOKAL ('a bone', Bulgar) + the diminutive suffix -ICHKA, so that is literally meant "a small hard thing". Formed following the same model as that for the Slavic KOSTILKA (the same) from KOST ('a bone', Slavic) + the diminutive suffix -ILKA. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- KONTOSH - an upper male and female garment in Western Bulgaria. The Eastern-Caucasian l-s provide the closest parallels: the Avar, Hvarshin, Bezhtin KUNTA ('a type of upper garment') [SH, 93]; the Andi KUANNO, KUANTO (the same) [SH, 93] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- KOPRINCHE PILE - a silkworm (in the districts of Stara Zagora, etc.) Compare to the Pamirian PILA ('a cocoon') [RPDS, 295] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- KOTIGA - a loose coat (archaic, obsolete) From the Pamirian KOT ('a coat') [RPDS, 445] + the suffix -IGA as in words such as LEVENDIGA ('a height, a hill'), KALBUZIGA ('a jacket made of goat-skin') [AG, GASk, etc.] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- KOTURA - a kennel, a shelter for a dog Compare to the Pashto KOTURA ('a type of big wooden vessel') [ARS, 399]. Chechen KOTAR ('a dwelling') [ChRS, 305] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- KOSH (GR@DEN KOSH) - a chest (anat. thorax) In the Eastern Caucasus similar words - KESH, CHOZH, denote the abdominal cavity [SH, 12] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ KUMA - a dialectal word meaning "walk, go!". In expressions such as "KUMA donesi voda!" ("KUMA bring water!"), "KUMA b@rzichko" ("KUMA quickly"), etc. Unclear word. In some places in the Pamirs KUMA means "little, few" [DE, 135-136], although it does not fit well. Closer is probably the Ishkashimi KUMAK ('help, assistance') [Ija, 211], hence KUMA could mean "Help me!". ------------------------------------------------------------------------ KJUTAM - to beat Compare to the Pashto KUT@JL ('to beat') [ARS, 1970] and the Dardic KUTA ('to beat') [DIE, 249] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LEKHA - a (flower)-bed, a ridge Compare to the Talish LEK (the same) [TRS, 131] which is the only parallel discovered up to now. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LJOKH-LJOKH! - an exclamation in folk songs. Similar exclamation is found in the Eastern Caucasus, where it sounds as LUKH-LUKH, LJUK-LJUK [LRS, 226] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ MARTAK - a partner for game of cards (dial.) Probably in connection with the Pashto MARTAK ('a sign') [MGS, 816], interpreted as 'a man with whom one exchanges signs, bids'. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- MATI-MASKARA - in the expression "Napravih go MATI-MASKARA" ("I made him MATI-MASKARA") From the Pashto MATI ('a defeat, a debacle') [RPDS, 643; ARS, 466], and MASKARA ('a ruin') [AG, 324]. MATI-MASKARA meant 'defeated ruins', or, otherwise - 'pitiful remains'. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- MUNTI - worse (jargon) Compare semantically to the Pamirian MUNDO ('tired, slow, ruined') (see above) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- MUKHI - an apicultural name of the bees. At first glance, it seems to be same as the Slavic (Bulgarian as well) word MUKHA ('a fly'), but in Persian, in the Pamirian l-s the bees are called MUSH. And the same word is also found in the lands of the former Volga Bulgars, where the Mari MUKSH means 'bees' [RMS, 620]. Probably this name for the bees was connected with an old Bulgar bee-keeping tradition with origins in the Persian, Pamirian regions. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- M@J-M@J! - a common Romanian folk exclamation. From the Pashto MKH@J ('a wedding') [ARS, 473]. Also see M@N@NKA below. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NANI-NA - a lulling refrain, "hushaby, lullaby" Compare to the Georgian NANINA (the same) [TG, 409] and the Persian NANI-NANU. It is interesting that the Georgians call the cradling NANI, and the Talish - the cradle itself [TRS, 151] -------------------------------------------------------------------- NEKA - let Not found in the Slavic l-s. Close to the Pamirian exclamation NEKI ('Good work! Good!') [IJa, 219] -------------------------------------------------------------------- NIKS, NIC, sometimes N@CKI - an exclamation of contempt Compare to the Pamirian N@JKS ('a failure, a defect') ------------------------------------------------------------------- PAS - "pass" (in cards) Compare to the Pashto PAS ('after') [ARS, 109] ------------------------------------------------------------------ PEZJUL - an edge of a roof or a shelf under a window. The place where the flowerpots are put in. Identical to the Pamirian PEZ'L ('a roof's edge') [IJa, 225] ---------------------------------------------------------------- PISHLEME - an immature person Compare to the Pashto PESHLAMAJ ('this morning's, one who appeared this morning') [ARS, 130] PISHLEME probably meant "of callow youth, greenhorn". ----------------------------------------------------------------- POTKA - the first pole which is erected at a new plot as a sing of ownership. Hence ZAPOTVAM ('to start festively some work, to assume officially office') The word is quite old as evident by the Bulgarian medieval term POTKA ('a fine for infringement ownership's rights') The only region having similar words is the Pamirs. There the acquisition of a new property and the building of a new house are called POT@KH, and the present bestowed on the newly married couple are called POT@KHSAJ [DE, 178, 291]. ----------------------------------------------------------------- PREZLO - iron container's lugs, a handle in the form of a ring The only parallel is the Pamirians PRESHT ('a ring') {IJa, 227] ----------------------------------------------------------------- R@TJA Compare to the Pamirian R@TT ('to grow, to germinate') [DE, 224] ---------------------------------------------------------------- SOKAJ - bride's veil Compare to the Eastern Caucasian SUCHKAJ ('a coil, a winding') [SH, 95] --------------------------------------------------------------- TEGARCHUK - in the folk story "The bear and the TEGARCHUK". Unclear word. Compare to the Pamirian TEGAR ('a beam, a joist') [DE, 260] The story itself evolves around some tree. --------------------------------------------------------------- CIBA! - "shoo! off!", an address to dogs (also CHIBA!) Identical to the Pamirian CHIB, CHIKH [GASK, 327] --------------------------------------------------------------- CHILIK (CHELIK) - cat (children game), tip-cat The oldest analogy is the Sanscrit CHILIKKA [MA, 1980]. In the language Kati in the Hindu Kush the same game is called KILIK [AGK, 251] --------------------------------------------------------------- CHORCHUK - in the expression "Na CHORCHUK" ("in a croocked, twisted way") Compare to the Eastern Caucasian CH@JR, CHUK ('curved, twisted') [EB, 81] --------------------------------------------------------------- SHINDRENA K@SHTA - SHINDRENA HOUSE. A special type of house with large trimmer joists (in the district of Teteven) From the Pashto epithet SHIGDR ('a tower') [ ARS, 350], indicating that this type of houses got its name after its high roof. --------------------------------------------------------------- SHTERNA - a spout, a tap Compare to the Kurd SHTORN (the same) [KRS, 460]